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Subject: Processing and Food Engineering × Author: Sreenija, Meesala × End date: 2017 × Start date: 2011 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of enzymatic and ultrasound assisted mechanical extraction on canola oil recovery
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Sreenija, Meesala; Singh, A. K.
    The experiments were carried out to determine the physical, chemical and frictional properties of GSC 7 cultivar of canola seeds and also to find the effect of independent parameters i.e. ultrasound time (30.0, 52.5 & 75 min), enzyme concentration (2, 4 & 6%), moisture content (5, 9 & 13%), heating time (4, 5 &6 min) and heating temperature (60, 80 & 1000C) on oil recovery and oil quality of canola seeds obtained through mechanical extraction. Box Behnken design of experiments of RSM was used for statistical analysis. The values for geometric mean diameter, sphericity, surface area, bulk density, true density, porosity and thousand grain weight at 7.5 % moisture content were 1.798 mm, 0.999, 10.157 mm2, 0.718 g/cc, 1.079 g/cc, 33.52 and 4.25 g respectively. The coefficient of external friction on GI sheet and plywood were 0.35 and 0.45 where as coefficient of internal friction was 0.85 and angle of repose was 38.050. The chemical properties obtained for ultrasound treated seeds were in the range of 32.98-34.66% fat content, 12.23-12.53% fibre content and 17.94-18.45% protein content where as for ultrasound and enzyme treated, the ranges were 33.02-34.41% fat content, 12.33-12.88% fibre content and 17.9718.67% protein content. Oil recovery of 87.41% was found for ultrasound treated sample at 52.5 min ultrasound time, 5% moisture content, 6 min heating time and 800C heating temperature where as 91.11% oil recovery was obtained under the combined effect of ultrasound and enzyme at 52.5 min ultrasound time, 5% moisture content, 6% enzyme, 6 min heating time and 800C heating temperature when compared to 67.75% oil recovery for control sample. The oil quality parameters i.e. acid value, FFA, density and color were found to be in the range of 0.8-1.63 mg KOH/g, 0.4-0.82%, 860-920 kg/m3, and 10.1-16 b value for ultrasound treated samples whereas for the seeds treated with ultrasound and enzyme, the oil quality parameters were found in the range of 0.56-1.59 mg KOH/g acid value, 0.28-0.8% FFA, 863-920 kg/m3 density and 10.9-15.7 b value. It was found that ultrasound time, moisture content, enzyme and heating temperature had significant effect on oil recovery whereas the effect of heating time on oil recovery was found non-significant. The effect of ultrasound time, moisture content, heating temperature on acid value, FFA and color were found significant where as only moisture content and heating temperature had significant effect on density.