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Subject: Physics × Author: Gurpreet Kaur × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2010 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Ultrasonic studies of honey at different moisture content and temperatures
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Gurpreet Kaur; Paramjit Singh
    The composition of natural honey present in the world is different and India too produces honey from various floral sources with wide variations in physicochemical and rheological characteristics. From, last decades honey has been a prime target of adulteration for economic gain. These artificial honey which can be made poorer in quality by adding amounts of sucrose, commercial glucose, water and other substances, often have similar taste and physical appearance as natural honey, but they lack the medicinal and nutritional properties of natural honeys. Detection of adulteration in honey is difficult, but some physicochemical properties of honey that can be easily determined which is helpful for comparison of different honey. Ultrasound is a versatile non-destructive technique and used in the food industry in both for the analysis and modification of foods. In the present study, the physicochemical properties including ultrasonic velocity, density, electrical conductivity and total soluble solids (TDS) in honey was investigated at different temperatures (20,30,40,50,60 and 70°C) and concentrations (100, 90, 80, 70 and 60%) to have the idea of effect of water adulteration and effect of heat on these properties. The ultrasonic velocity was found with ultrasonic interferometer at frequency of 1 MHz and density is measured with specific gravity bottle method. The electrical conductivity and TDS in honey was recorded from digital conductivity and TDS meter. Some thermodynamics properties of honey like surface tension, adiabatic compressibility, acoustic impedance, bulk modulus and intermolecular free length was also calculated from the observed parameters which will provide a fundamental insight on its structural organization. All the observed parameters except density were significantly vary with the temperature and dilution. The ultrasonic velocity, density, surface tension, acoustic impedance and bulk modulus was found to be decreases with temperature and dilution of honey while electrical conductivity, TDS, adiabatic compressibility and intermolecular free length was increases with the applied conditions. A significant correlation was observed between electrical conductivity and TDS at all temperatures and concentrations.