Loading...
Thesis
Browse
9 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CITRUS ROOTSTOCKS(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2013) Harjeet SinghABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Morphological Characterization of Citrus Rootstocks” was carried out during 2012-2013 at New Orchard and College Orchard, Department of Fruit Science, PAU, Ludhiana. The research work was carried out on nine citrus rootstocks. Among them three rootstocks having different strains were Rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri), Trifoliate (Poncirus trifoliata) and Rangpur lime (Citrus limonia) and six individual other rootstocks viz., Cleopatra (Citrus reshni), Pectinifera (Citrus pectinifera), Alemow (Citrus macrophylla), Karna Khatta (Citrus karna), Calamondin (Citrus mitis) and Volkamarina (Citrus volkameriana). Their evaluation was done for characters as per citrus descriptor given by IPGRI. The qualitative trees, leaves, flowers and fruit characters showed little variability within a species. Most of the quantitative trees, leaves, flowers and fruit characters were found statistically significant for all rootstocks. Maximum fruit weight was recorded in Karna Khatta (710 g). Total soluble solids were observed maximum in Flying Dragon (12.10 oBrix) strain of trifoliate while minimum were recorded in Nagpur strain of rough lemon, (5.66 oBrix). The Sohmyndog strain of rough lemon had the highest acidity (5.37 per cent) while minimum was recorded for Flying Dragon strain of trifoliate, being 1.38 per cent. The Brazilian strain of Rangpur lime had the highest seed number (38.0). The X-639 strain of trifoliate, and Brazilian and Texas strains of Rangpur lime were scored as early maturing (October-November) while Trifoliate was scored as late maturing (February-March). Variability analysis was done and Brazilian was most diverse from other strains of rough lemon.ThesisItem Restricted Computer aided design and development of a tractor operated three row rotary weeder(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2011) Modak Shreyas PrakashIndia is a huge and progressive economy with GDP (Gross Domestic Product) growing at a rate of more than 7 percent since last four-five years and is expected to cross two digit number in near future. Even though agriculture is the predominant occupation in India, the share of agriculture in employment has dropped from 52% in 2007-08 to 45.5% in 2009-10 (Anonymous, 2011a). The government initiatives have shifted the agricultural labour to the other sectors. This necessitates the enhancement of the level of mechanization in agriculture. The tillage, seeding/ planting and harvesting technologies available in the country are at its edge of success in case of major crops like wheat, paddy, sugarcane, and cotton etc. However, there is large gap in the available technologies world over and in the country for inter-cultural or weeding operations. The available technologies are manual weeders, self propelled rotary weeders and tractor operated weeders. Manual weeding though most effective but is very laborious, time consuming i.e. it requires on an average 300 to 1200 man-h/ha (Padole, 2007) and very costly i.e. one third of cost of cultivation is being spent for it in major row crops like sorghum (Rangasamy et al, 1993). The manual weeders developed for wheat and other row crops are pull and push type and thus weeds removed are not mixed into soil. The performance of the self propelled, walk behind type rotary power tiller developed for weeding in orchards has been found highly satisfactory in cotton, sunflower and other wide row crops. However, the capacity of the machine was low as compared to tractor operated implements (Anonymous, 2009). Hence, there was a need to adopt tractor operated rotary weeders. The available tractor operated weeders having fixed row to row spacing and the available rotary weeders having adjustable row to row spacing had many operational and design problems. Therefore, it was decided to redesign the tractor operated rotary weeder using computer aided analysing and designing (CAAD) software CATIA V5R19 for tackling the problem effectively. Initially the major components like blade, flange, shafts, bearings, chain and sprockets, chain housing, gearbox and main frame of the machine were designed theoretically. A J-shaped blade having an edge curve was selected. The static and dynamic forces acting on the blade were calculated to be 196.3 N and 55.5 N respectively. The maximum rotary power required per rotary assembly was calculated to be 11.3 hp. The duplex 19.05 mm pitch chain was selected for power transmission from main shaft to rotary assembly. The blade shaft and main shaft were having diameter of 45 mm and 40 mm respectively. A shovel of 250 mm width was selected and this was having designed power requirement of 2.43 hp. Thereafter, the solid modeling of the tractor operated three row rotary weeder was done in CATIA. The critical components like blades, blade flange, blade shaft, chain sprockets, chain housing, main shaft, shovel, bevel gear and pinion were analyzed using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) tool in CATIA. The analysis results showed that the theoretically designed dimensions were appropriate for all the parts as the parts were safe in analysis under working stresses. Thereafter, the machine components were got fabricated from the local market according to the design specifications and market availability. The preliminary field trials of the machine have shown satisfactory performance.ThesisItem Restricted FINANCIAL LITERACY AND RETIREMENT PREPAREDNESS: A STUDY OF NON TEACHING STAFF OF PUNJAB AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY AND GURU ANGAD DEV VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY(2013) Ramandeep KaurIn the present study the basic and advance financial literacy and retirement preparedness of the non teaching staff members of Punjab Agricultural University and Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University was analyzed. Primary data was collected from 180 respondents selected from 45 departments of PAU and GADVASU through pre- designed questionnaires. It was found that PAU and GADVASU non teaching staff was having poor basic and advanced financial literacy. No association was found between basic financial literacy or advance financial literacy with that of gender, age, designation and educational qualification. And it was also found that very few non teaching staff members had developed retirement plan and rest of the respondents were either finding difficulties in developing plan or had not at all thought of developing the retirement plan.ThesisItem Open Access MEAN AND VARIANCES AMONG F4 PROGENIESAND THEIR PREDICTION FROM PARENTALMEANSAND GENETIC DISTANCES BASED ON MOLECULAR MARKERS IN Gossypium arboreum L.(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2011) Jamwal, Navdeep SinghThe objective of the present study was to see whether genetic distance based on SSR markers (GDSSR) and Mahalanobis D2 statistics (GDDy), parental means ( P1 + P2 /2) and absolute difference of parental means (| P1 - P2 |) can be used for predicting the means and variances of F4 populations derived from 52 crosses of Gossypium arboreum L. Fifty-two F4 populations along with 17 parents were evaluated in a randomized complete block design using three replications during Kharif 2009. Data were recorded for seed cotton yield (g), number of bolls, boll weight (g), seed index (g), halo length (mm), ginning out turn (%) and plant height (cm). Fifty-seven SSR primers belonging to BNL, MUSS, MUCS, MUSB, CIR, NAU and MGHES series detected 74 alleles in 17 arboreum lines. Total number of bands ranged from 1-3 with an average of 1.29 bands per primer. Polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.00 to 0.88 with a mean of 0.12 for all 57 primers. Maximum genetic distance based on SSR markers was observed between LD866 and AH11(0.059), whereas minimum genetic distance recorded was 0.00 between lines LD327 and MDL2643; LD694 and DLSa1001. The genetic similarity coefficient among 17 genotypes ranged from 1.00 to 0.94 with an average genetic similarity of 0.97. The maximum genetic distance (280.63) based on Mahalanobis D2 statistics was observed between LD694 and RG395, whereas minimum of 2.49 between lines LD866 and RG8. No association was found between parentage and geographical origin of parental lines with genetic distance among parental lines revealed by both the estimates of genetic divergence. Poor correlation (r=0.06) between both estimates of genetic distance GDSSR and GDDy was observed. The means of F4 populations can be predicted successfully from the means of the parents for seed cotton yield (r=0.40) and halo length (r=0.273). Likewise, | P1 - P2 | and GDSSR proved to be good predictor of F4 population means for boll weight (r=0.273) and ginning out turn (r=0.290), respectively. However, the prediction of F4 variance for most of characters except plant height (r=0.277) from different properties of parental lines still remains an unsolved problem.ThesisItem Open Access Etiology of Top Rot Disease of Sugarcane(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2012) Rakesh YonzoneRed stripe/ Top rot disease of sugarcane, caused by a bacterium, has been observed to be quite severe on variety CoJ 85 during the past 4-5 years in Punjab. Survey was conducted June-August 2011and it was found that the maximum prevalence of Red stripe (21.1%) and Top rot (40.4%) phase was recorded on variety CoJ 85 in Amritsar district and the minimum prevalence 1.6 per cent and 3.5 per cent respectively, on variety CoJ 88. Highest disease severity, 39.0 per cent of Red Stripe phase in the month of July was recorded on the variety CoJ 85 and lowest severity 5.0 per cent in July was observed on variety CoJ 88. Highest disease severity (5%) of Top rot phase in month June was recorded on variety CoH 119 and 65.8 per cent in months of August was recorded on the variety CoJ 85. The maximum growth of the pathogen was observed on King’s B media after 24 hrs followed by YDCA media after 46 hrs of inoculation. The three isolates viz., RS-2, RS-3 and RS-8 were found to have higher disease intensity (57%) and stripe length (30 cm). Regarding, morphological characteristics, the isolates were found to be gram negative, short rods with rounded end, 1.5-2.0×0.4-0.8 µm in size, yellow colour and circular type colony. All the ten isolates showed negative results in urease utilization and phenylalanine and positive results in citrate, sorbitol, lysine, ornithine utilization and H2S production. The isolates were also found to be aerobic and non-fluorescent. Molecular identification revealed that the pathogen associated to the Red stripe disease in Punjab State is Acidovorax avenae sub sp. avenae. Bud inoculation with pin prick method proved to be the best followed by hypodermic syringe method. In epidemiological studies, the maximum lesion length 32.28 cm was recorded on variety CoJ 85 followed by 27.72 cm in CoJ 88 after 32 days of inoculation.ThesisItem Restricted COMPUTER BASED PAYROLL SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION FOR E-GOVERNANCE AT PUNJAB AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2011) Aujla, Poonamdeep KaurPayroll is a critical operation for every organization to pay employee accurately their salary and emoluments on time. For a big organization, the idea of taking control of employees pay calculations is quite daunting. This computer based payroll system aims to explain in simple terms what payroll involves and demystify the payroll processes. Moreover it is a powerful tool to streamline the time consuming and complex tasks of employee payroll scheduling and planning. This system provides multiple user data access. Each user walks through the entire payroll process as per rights allocated from adding new employee to generate pay slips with clear step by step instructions. Furthermore the system is flexible to implement changes in pay scales. This Computer based payroll system is capable of keeping a record of employee data including their pay, allowances, deductions and taxes on monthly bases so that fresh definitions are reflected from the month onwards, which leaves all the past data intact. This system has been developed using PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript and Ajax and database has been designed using MySQL. The proposed computer based payroll system is advantageous as it provides a user friendly environment. This payroll system increases security and minimizes human calculation errors.ThesisItem Open Access Returns from stock investment: An application of multi-factor model(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2013) Khara, PavneetThe research project “Returns from stock investment : An application of multi-factor model” was undertaken with the objectives to study the relationship between stock returns and selected accounting based fundamental variables and to study the relationship between stock returns and selected market variables. For the purpose of achieving the objectives, the following factors were used in explanation of returns from stock investment, via stock beta, debt to equity ratio, book to market value ratio, size of company measured in terms of market capitalization, earnings to price ratio and sales to price ratio. The study was conducted for the period of 5 years ranging from April 2007 to March 2012. Data on the selected explanatory factors were used for all the stocks constituting the popular BSE Sensex index. Regression analysis and descriptive statistics were used to study the relationship between the stock returns and the identified explanatory variables. Regression results from enter method proved insignificant while that from stepwise method proved statistically significant. The best relationship was found between stock return with earnings to price and interest rate.ThesisItem Open Access TO STUDY THE PERFORMANCE OF CONCRETE CONTAINING METAKAOLIN AND POLYPROPYLENE FIBRE(2012) Kamaldeep KaurConcrete is a versatile construction material. For more durable and strong structures, the concrete of high strength is required. To make concrete more strong, pozzolans are added to concrete. Metakaolin ( MK ) is a pozzolana used to achieve the required strength. The present study investigates the characteristics strength of concrete due to partial replacement of cement by MK and addition of polypropylene fibres (PPF). M30 concrete was designed according to BIS guidelines. The investigation was carried out on concrete containing MK and PPF at various proportions of 0%, 7%, 8% and 9% of MK and 0%, 0.2%, 0.5% and 0.8% of PPF. Fly ash (10%) and superplasticizer (0.7%) has been added to improve the workability of concrete. In present study, the results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of concrete containing metakaolin and fly ash were analysed. Analysis of cement, metakaolin and fly ash was done with XRD. Samples K0, K4, K8 and K12 containing 0%, 7%, 8% and 9% MK (by weight of cement) respectively at the sample age of 1 day were also analysed with XRD. It has been observed that addition of MK and PPF showed considerable improvement in the strength of concrete especially at the early age of concrete. Further it has been observed that optimum gain in compressive strength is at 8% of MK and 0.8% of PPF. Results of XRD supplement with the results obtained from compressive strength test.ThesisItem Open Access The growth of Photojournalism in India from(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2012) Ishatdeep SinghThe present research was undertaken with a view to understand development in the field of photojournalism during 2000 to 2010. The study “Growth of Photojournalism in India from 2000 to 2010” was conducted on 50 samples of two publications India Today and The Tribune representing national and regional levels were selected purposely. Within the ambit of the study, major points covered are: total area covered by photographs, usage of black & white and colour photographs, photographs with or without caption, photographs with or without byline, photographs with or without news story, usage of spot and file photographs, geography of photographs and photographs pertaining to different themes. The result showed that India Today devotes more space to photographs related to national affairs. The percentage of area covered by photographs increased with years in the Tribune. Colour pictures were in a greater majority as compared to black & white photos in both the publications. More weight-age was given to political coverage in pictures in both the publications.
