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2014 - 20172
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Subject: Microbiology × Author: Jaspreet Kaur × End date: 2017 × Start date: 2010 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Post harvest processing of Pleurotus florida (Mont.) singer into mushroom soup powder
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Jaspreet Kaur; Sodhi, H.S.
    Oyster mushroom is the third largest cultivated mushroom in the market. Pleurotus species are popular and widely cultivated in the world. Pleurotus spp. altogether make up 27% of globally produced cultivated mushrooms. Cultivation of Pleurotus florida is easy and low cost production technology. They can degrade and colonize large variety of lignocellulosic wastes. They can grow within temperature range of 20C to 30C. Pleurotus florida was grown on wheat straw, wheat+paddy straw (1:1) and paddy straw substrate. Maximum yield of (60.12 kg/q dry straw) was observed on wheat straw substrate. Similarly maximum fruit bodies (6870 per/q dry straw) were observed in the bags filled with wheat straw. The average weight of fruit bodies in all the cases ranged between (7.79-8.06gm/f.b‘s). The spawn run was completed between 21±3-25±2 days and pin heads appeared between 25±2-33±3 days with the first harvest made between 28±3-39±2 days. P. florida mushroom could be kept for 2-4 days at ambient temperature and could be stored for 12 days at refrigerator temperature in polyethylene, polypropylene and paper bags. It was observed that mushroom drying increased the shelf life of mushrooms upto three months. Among the three drying temperatures (45C, 55C and 65C), 45C was found best as it resulted in good colour, texture and rehydration ratio. The carbohydrate, protein, fat, fibre and ash of dried mushrooms was ranged between 41.59-42.85%, 27.40-29.54%, 4.21-4.32%, 23.01-23.38%, 8.81-9.03%. Being highly perishable in nature, the fresh Pleurotus mushrooms need to be processed to extend the offseason availability. Mushroom soup powder was one such option for improved shelf life of the mushrooms. Three set of mushroom soup powders; without flavour, lemon flavour, mint flavour were prepared and scored by ten judges on ten hedonic point scale for colour, texture, appearance, aroma, taste and overall acceptability upto six months of storage. Mushroom soup powder without flavour was the most acceptable giving an overall acceptability between 9.20-9.25 followed by mint flavour and lemon flavour soup powder. The moisture content ranged between 5.00- 5.11%. Protein, carbohydrate, fat, fibre and ash ranged between 17.3019.42%, 71.03-77.01%, 2.21-3.12%, 3.42-4.01%, 0.89-1.20%. There was no significant effect of storage on the nutrients of soup powder upto six months at room temperature.
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Impact of non sustainable factors on soil microflora in rice (Oryzae sativa L.) crop.
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2014) Jaspreet Kaur; Gosal, S. K.
    A field experiment was carried out to study the impact of non sustainable factors (green manure and plant density) on soil microbial biomass, soil enzyme activities and NPK of soil in order to achieve environment-friendly agriculture and promote the sustainable development of rice (Oryzae sativa L.) crop. Maximum bacterial population (159 × 108cfu/g of soil), methanotrophic population (176 × 104 cfu/g of soil), actinomycetes population (52.5 × 104cfu/g of soil) and alkaline phosphatase activity (21.9 mg/g of soil/hr) was observed in the treatment having green manure (15t/ha) + 44 plants/m2+ recommended NPK whereas diazotrophic population (57.61 × 105cfu/g of soil), fungal population (25 × 103cfu/g of soil), dehydrogenase activity (50.0 µg TPF/g of soil/hr) and urease activity (855 µg/ g of soil/hr) was observed maximum in treatment with green manure (15t/ha)+33plants/m2+ recommended NPK. Biochemical characterization of 18 different methanotrophic bacteria isolated from rice crop revealed that all isolates were positive for citrate production; negative for indole and VP test whereas most of them were positive for methyl red and negative for H2S production. Maximum soil nitrogen (206.9 Kg/ha) was observed in treatment having green manure (15t/ha) + 33plants/m2+ recommended NPK whereas soil potassium (212.0 Kg/ha) and phosphorus (35.8 Kg/ha) were observed maximum in treatment having green manure (15t/ha) + 44 plants/m2+ recommended NPK. Increased plant height (103.8cm) and yield attributes like effective tiller (386/m2), number of spikelet (18), filled grain panicle-1 (136), thousand grain weight (22.4g), straw yield (86.65 Q/ha) and grain yield (73.25 Q/ha) were observed in same treatment. Significantly positive effects of green manure were observed on microbial biomass, enzyme activity, NPK content and on yield of rice. The results indicated that increase in plant density did not show negative effect on soil fertility and crop yield. So, application of green manure and increasing plant density effectively increase yield and sustainability of rice cropping system.