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2020 - 20213
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Subject: Mathematics × End date: 2022 × Start date: 2020 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Electron-acoustic waves in quantum plasma with κdeformed Kaniadakis hot electrons
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2020) Amanpreet Kaur; Parveen Bala
    The propagation properties of electron acoustic waves (EAWs) are studied in the quantum plasma system containing inertialess hot electrons, inertial cold electrons and stationary ions which forms the charge neutralizing background for understanding the properties of solitary wave structures. It is assumed that hot electrons follow κ-deformed Kaniadakis distribution, governed by parameter κ. The dispersion relation is obtained using the linearization method. Using the appropriate stretched coordinates and reductive perturbation method (RPM) the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) and modified KdV (mKdV) equation has been derived. For the analysis, a limit of range of deformation parameter (κ) has been set as -0.4≤κ ≤0.4. For the defined range, it has been observed that plasma system supports rarefactive solitary structures. The amplitude and width of KdV soliton have been significantly affected by quantum parameter (H), whereas amplitude and width of solitary wave remains unaffected by deformation parameter (κ). The analysis was further extended to explain double layers solution in such plasma system. It is found that rarefactive double layers significantly depend on deformation parameter (κ), quantum parameter (H) and hot to cold electron density ratio (α). The presented investigation may be helpful to understand the study of nonlinear waves in the astrophysical plasmas.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Remediation of Cd (II) ions from aqueous solution using carbon based nano hybrid
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2021) Inderpreet Kaur; Kiran Jeet
    The present study focuses on preparation of carbon based nano hybrid which act as an adsorbent for removal of Cd (II) from aqueous solution. Synthesis of graphene oxide was carried out by modified Hummer’s method. Fuctionalization of multiwall carbon nanotubes was carried out with the help of refluxing. Magnetic graphene oxide nanoparticles were formed with co-precipitation of iron nanoparticles on the surface of graphene. Graphene oxide multiwalled carbon nano tube hybrid (GO- MWCNT) was prepared by providing mechanical shear to functionalized carbon nanotube and graphene oxide powder in acid solution. Morphology, structure of synthesized materials were studied using high resolution imaging techniques such as Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X Ray Diffraction (XRD) and spectroscopy techniques such as Ultraviolet Visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The maximum adsorption capacity for Cd (II) was obtained to be 50.00, 47.61, 45.45 and 41.66 mg/g for MGO, GO, C-MWCNTs and GO-C-MWCNTs respectively at optimum condition (i.e. pH = 6, contact time = 20 minutes and temperature = 30°C). MGO has high efficiency to remove Cd (II) ion from contaminated water and also other adsorbents such as GO, C-MWCNTs and GO-C-MWCNTs and shows great potential in the field of water decontamination. Thermodynamic parameters indicate that the adsorption processes is spontaneous and exothermic.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of temperature on ultrasonic velocity in adulterated mustard oil
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2020) Parhanpreet Kaur; Paramjit Singh
    The utilisation of edible oils for consumption has been in vogue since time immortal. The heavy consumption of edible oils lead to adulteration which degrades the quality and nutritional value of oils. Pure edible oil is adulterated with low quality oil having similar appearance as that of pure edible oil. The method to detect adulteration in edible oil should be a non-destructive test as it does not influence the chemical composition of sample. Ultrasonic waves are used for detection of adulteration because these are non-destructive, non-toxic and have many applications in food processing. In the present study, palm oil was used as an adulterant in pure mustard oil because of its similar appearance and easily mixing character. The parameters like ultrasonic velocity, viscosity and density were measured for different concentrations (100, 90, 80, 70 and 60%) of mustard oil at different temperature (30, 40, 50, 60 and 70˚C). From these parameters, further thermodynamic parameters like surface tension, adiabatic compressibility, bulk modulus, acoustic impedance and intermolecular free length were calculated. Except density, all parameters showed significant results with different temperature and concentration. Ultrasonic velocity, density, surface tension, bulk modulus and acoustic impedance were found to decrease linearly with temperature while viscosity decreased exponentially with temperature. Other parameters like adiabatic compressibility and intermolecular free length increased linearly with temperature. The linear correlation of logarithmic ultrasonic velocity with logarithmic density and ultrasonic velocity with logarithmic viscosity were observed. Another linear correlation between surface tension and intermolecular free length was also confirmed.