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ThesisItem Restricted Sensitization Of rural parents against female foeticide In Ludhiana district(PAU, 2012) Kanwar, Vandana; Gulati, Jatinder KaurThe present study entitled “Sensitization of Rural Parents Against Female Foeticide in Ludhiana district” was undertaken to assess knowledge, attitude and practices of rural parents towards female foeticide. It was also aimed to sensitize the rural parents against female foeticide through a set of modules and interventions and to analyze the impact of sensitization program on change in attitude towards female foeticide. The sample was comprised of 60 rural couples having daughters only thus included an equal number of mothers (n=60) and fathers (n=60). Significant differences were observed between mothers’ and fathers’ attitude. Results revealed that majority of the mothers had undecided attitude, whereas, majority of the fathers had favourable attitude towards female foeticide and girl child, thus showing a greater need for their gender sensitization. Majority of the respondents possessed an average level of knowledge about sex determination and female foeticide, but, as the level of education increased, parents’ knowledge level also significantly increased. Mothers having unfavourable attitude towards female foeticide perceived greater stress in day to day life as compared to the fathers. Most of the couples reported an average level of marital adjustment amongst them. Mothers with good martial adjustment and better empowerment status were not in favour of sex determination and female foeticide, whereas, mothers with poor marital adjustment held neutral attitude. The sensitization program was carried out through puppet shows, movies, poems, informal talks, focused group discussions, one to one interaction and lectures delivered by Human Development experts, medical doctors and lawyers. The sensitization program showed a significant positive change in the knowledge and attitude of the respondents towards female foeticide and girl child. Educated and in-service respondents were significantly more receptive to the sensitization program.ThesisItem Open Access Causes and problems of women deserted by NRI husbands in Doaba region of Punjab(PAU, 2012) Shiksha Rani; Bajwa, Ashu K.The present study was conducted to study the “Causes and Problems of Women Deserted by NRI husbands in Doaba region of Punjab”. Four districts of Doaba region i.e. Hoshiarpur, Jalandhar, Kapurthala and Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar (Nawansahar) constituted the locale of study. Data were collected through Self Structured Interview Schedules, Socio Economic Status Scale was used to measure the SES and anxiety was tested by using Comprehensive Anxiety Test. The results revealed that majority (78.33%) of the respondents who were deserted by their NRI husbands belonged to the upper lower class and was only 26 – 30 years of age at the time of desertion. Data further shows that majority (75.00%) of respondent’s motive behind marrying to a NRI was their parents happiness whereas 71.67 per cent respondents wanted to live lavish life style abroad. In most of the respondent’s cases, hurried marriages with NRIs without verifying their antecedents was the major cause of desertion. Dowry was found to be another major cause of desertion with 91.67 per cent respondents. It is further evident from the results that among the total respondents majority faced social abuse (81.67%), economic abuse(78.33%), emotional abuse (76.67%), physical abuse (63.33%) and 13.33 per cent respondents faced sexual abuse by their husbands. Due to the desertion, respondent’s faced high level of anxiety (40.00%) whereas low level of anxiety was found among 28.33 per cent of respondents. The association between socio economic status and anxiety was found to be non – significant (χ 2 = 1.723) however, the relation was found to be significant (r = 0.362) at 1 per cent level of significance. Finally, in-depth information in the form of case studies were also incorporated as one of the main objectives.ThesisItem Open Access Profile of Activities and Magnitude of Abuse Among Street Children in Ludhiana City: A Situational Analysis(PAU, 2014) Khwairakpam, Sharmila; Kaur, SukhminderThe present study was undertaken to determine the profile of activities and magnitude of abuse among street children in Ludhiana city on a sample consisting of 160 children (9-12 years) equally distributed over gender. A Personal Information Sheet and a self-structured Interview Schedule were used to document the demographic profile and information relating to the causal factors leading children to street, activities performed by them and the nature and magnitude of abuse experienced by them. The sample was selected from various crowded places of Ludhiana city viz railway station, bus depots, traffic lights, market places, temples, etc using a snowball sampling technique which included home based children engaged in street work. Results revealed that more than seventy nine per cent children (79.37%) were found to be on street due to prospect of income besides other reasons; lack of support from parents, alcoholic nature and abusive behavior of father, broken family, parental unemployment, forced to go to street and non-availability of residence. A higher proportion of the children (31.25%) were found to be engaged in street vending (selling low-priced items such as toys, city maps, eatables, newspapers, making and selling garlands etc.), followed by begging (28.75%) and rag picking (18.75%). About sixteen per cent (16.25%) of them reported to be performing more than one activity (begging as well as rag picking, shoe shinning as well as making garlands, etc.) on the street. Majority of them (92.50%) experienced abuse by their parents. Scolding was the most predominantly used method of punishment by the fathers (77.02%) towards the children followed by spanking/slapping (54.72%), beating (43.92%), verbally abusing and kicking. Similarly scolding was also a prominent method of punishment used by mothers (89.86%) followed by spanking/slapping (41.21%), twisting ears or hands, yelling and beating. Parents were found to be equally punitive towards younger and older children. However, fathers were found to be yelling more on boys whereas girls experienced more of hair pulling by the mothers. More than forty per cent (42.56 %) children reported to be punished frequently that is once in a week because of varied reasons. Children (45.00%) also faced problems with police personnel in some or the other way such as being interrogated, chased away, humiliated, advised against begging, punished physically while on street.ThesisItem Restricted Sensitization of Rural Parents Against Female Foeticide in Ludhiana district(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2012) Vandana KanwarThe present study entitled “Sensitization of Rural Parents Against Female Foeticide in Ludhiana district” was undertaken to assess knowledge, attitude and practices of rural parents towards female foeticide. It was also aimed to sensitize the rural parents against female foeticide through a set of modules and interventions and to analyze the impact of sensitization program on change in attitude towards female foeticide. The sample was comprised of 60 rural couples having daughters only thus included an equal number of mothers (n=60) and fathers (n=60). Significant differences were observed between mothers’ and fathers’ attitude. Results revealed that majority of the mothers had undecided attitude, whereas, majority of the fathers had favourable attitude towards female foeticide and girl child, thus showing a greater need for their gender sensitization. Majority of the respondents possessed an average level of knowledge about sex determination and female foeticide, but, as the level of education increased, parents’ knowledge level also significantly increased. Mothers having unfavourable attitude towards female foeticide perceived greater stress in day to day life as compared to the fathers. Most of the couples reported an average level of marital adjustment amongst them. Mothers with good martial adjustment and better empowerment status were not in favour of sex determination and female foeticide, whereas, mothers with poor marital adjustment held neutral attitude. The sensitization program was carried out through puppet shows, movies, poems, informal talks, focused group discussions, one to one interaction and lectures delivered by Human Development experts, medical doctors and lawyers. The sensitization program showed a significant positive change in the knowledge and attitude of the respondents towards female foeticide and girl child. Educated and in-service respondents were significantly more receptive to the sensitization program.ThesisItem Restricted TIME USE PATTERN AND COGNITIVE ABILITIES OF CHILDREN OF MIGRANT LABOUR FAMILIES IN LUDHIANA CITY(Punjab Agricultural University, 2010) Sharma, Pinki; Gulati, J. KThe present study entitled “Time use pattern and cognitive abilities of children of migrant labour families in Ludhiana city” was undertaken to examine the time use pattern of children of migrant families and its impact on children’s cognitive abilities. Six slum localities were selected from the selected zone and a sample of 120 mother-child dyads including children between 6-8 years of age and mothers working as domestic servants, were purposively selected from each chosen locality through snowball technique. Spot observations were made and the mothers were also interviewed to gather information of time use pattern of children. Children were approached to assess their cognitive abilities. Results revealed that during mother’s absence majority of the boys spent time in playing near the home or far away from home whereas majority of the girls stayed inside the home either playing or doing household chores. Males spent significantly more time in academics, play and market work whereas, females spent longer time in personal care, TV viewing and household chores. Female children were significantly spending longer time with the mother whereas boys were significantly spending more time with the father. School going children were significantly superior in all the cognitive abilities than their non school counterparts. School going females were superior in verbal, quantitative and general cognitive index whereas males possessed higher measures in perceptual, memory and motor abilities. Non school going males performed significantly better in all cognitive domains as compared to non school going females except for verbal ability. Time spent in academic, play and market related activities enhanced all the cognitive abilities but extended involvement of school children in play activities declined their verbal, memory and general cognitive ability. Time spent in household chores, personal care, T.V viewing and family interaction reduced all domains of cognitive abilities of school going and non school going children. __________________ThesisItem Restricted Impact of Abuse Potential of Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Fathers on Adjustment Pattern of Rural Adolescents(Punjab Agricultural University, 2010) Mahajan, Chetna; Sukhminder KaurThe present study was undertaken to determine the impact of abuse potential of alcoholic and non-alcoholic fathers on adjustment pattern of rural adolescents. A sample of 120 adolescents belonging to alcoholic and non-alcoholic families was drawn equally from six rural locations from one block of Ludhiana district. A Personal Information Sheet and a Self Structured Interview Schedule were used to assess the demographic profile and abuse potential among alcoholic and non-alcoholic fathers of the adolescents. Adjustment pattern of the abused adolescents was studied by using an Adjustment Inventory. Results revealed that abuse potential among fathers was found to be associated with their alcoholic nature and alcoholic fathers were found to be having high abuse potential compared to non-alcoholic fathers. Majority of the girls (73.33 %) experienced low abuse by their alcoholic and non-alcoholic fathers whereas a higher percentage of boys experienced high abuse. Alcoholic fathers were found to be more punitive since they scored high on different types of punishment inflicted by them on the adolescents. Beating was the most predominantly used type of punishment by the fathers towards their adolescents. Adolescents (33.33 %) belonging to alcoholic fathers and 14.55 per cent of non-alcoholic fathers experienced bruises as a consequence of beating. Fractures of bones and permanent disability were experienced only by adolescents of alcoholic fathers. Adolescents of non-alcoholic fathers showed better adjustment in different areas viz. home, school, social and health adjustmentThesisItem Restricted Impact of Parental Encouragement on Emotional Intelligence of Adolescents(Punjab Agricultural University, 2013) Jain, Payal; Kang, Tejpreet KaurThe investigation entitled ‘Impact of Parental Encouragement on Emotional Intelligence of Adolescents’ aimed to assess the level of Parental Encouragement and Emotional Intelligence among rural and urban school children. The study was based on 200 adolescents (100 boys and 100 girls) within the age range of 14-16 years. The sample was randomly drawn from Government High and Senior Secondary Schools selected purposively from rural as well urban areas of Ludhiana district. Agarwal Parental Encouragement Scale developed by Agarwal (1999) was used to measure the parental encouragement as perceived by the adolescents and Emotional Intelligence Scale by Thyde et.al. (2002) was used to asses the emotional intelligence (EQ) of the adolescents. Results revealed that non-significant gender differences existed in parental encouragement level of male and female respondents. However significant locale differences existed in the dimensions of showing concern, parent participation, building confidence/ motivation/good habits and giving study environment among rural and urban respondents. Significant gender differences existed between self motivation, managing relation, integrity and value orientation dimensions of emotional intelligence among male and female respondents. Significant locale differences existed in emotional intelligence of rural and urban respondents. Rural respondents were scoring slightly high mean values than urban respondents. Significant gender differences were found in different levels of emotional intelligence. Males were having high level of emotional intelligence as compared to females. Parental encouragement was found to be significantly associated with emotional intelligence of adolescentsThesisItem Restricted Analysis of problems, abuse and neglect experienced by elderly in Ludhiana city(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Sachan, Shweta; Sukhminder KaurThe present study entitled “Analysis of problems, abuse and neglect experienced by elderly in Ludhiana city” was undertaken to identify the problems, abuse and neglect experienced by the elderly in different socio-economic status families in Ludhiana city of Punjab state. The prevalence of depression and adjustment problems among elderly was also investigated. The sample comprised of 300 respondents in the age range of 65 to 85 years drawn equally (100 each) from three different socio-economic groups i.e. low, middle and high. A self-structured Personal Information Sheet was used to record information about the socio-personal characteristics of the respondents. Socio-economic Status Scale developed by Meenakshi, PGI Health Questionnaire N-1 developed by Verma et al, a Self-structured Interview Schedule relating to Abuse and Neglect, Geriatric Depression Scale developed by Yesavage et al and Social Adjustment Scale for the Aged developed by Sisodia and Khandelwal were used to assess socio-economic status of the elderly, problems, abuse and neglect experienced by them, prevalence of depression and pattern of social adjustment among the elderly. Results revealed significant differences in the physical and psychological problems experienced by elderly belonging to different socio-economic strata. Female elderly were found to be experiencing more physical problems, whereas, psychological problems were more prevalent among male elderly. Age wise also there were significant differences in the physical problems and psychological problems experienced by the elderly. Older elderly experienced more physical and psychological problems than younger elderly. Elderly belonging to low socio-economic strata experienced more physical and psychological abuse and neglect as compared to elderly from middle and high socio-economic strata, whereas, higher percentage of respondents from middle socio-economic strata experienced financial abuse. Older female elderly experienced more abuse and neglect compared to the male younger group (65-75 years). Older females belonging to low socio-economic strata experienced moderate and severe forms of abuse. Prevalence of depression was found to be higher among older female elderly belonging to low socio-economic strata. Most of the elderly were found to be having moderate and high level of adjustment. However, there were significant differences between abused and non-abused elderly on depression and social adjustment and its areas; family adjustment, spouse adjustment, interpersonal relations, health and finance adjustment.