Thesis

Browse

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 9 of 19

Open Access
Effect of planting densities and training sysems on light interception, growth, productivity and nutrient composition of peach
(Department of Horticulture College of Agriculture PAU, Ludhiana, 2001) Singh, Harminder; Kanwar, J. S
Restricted
Development and characterization of low chill peach genotypes for superior fruit quality
(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2019) Pandey, Swapnil; Thakur, Anirudh
The present investigation entitled “Development and characterization of low chill peach genotypes for superior fruit quality” was conducted in the Department of Fruit Science, PAU, Ludhiana during the year 2016 to 2018 in three separate experiments, viz; development of new low chill peach hybrids with better fruit quality; morphological characterization of new peach and nectarine hybrids; and analysis of the F1 hybrids with a set of SSR markers to confirm hybridity. In hybridization programme, crosses were made between low chill peach cultivars taking Flordaglo and Florda Crest as female and Florda Prince, Florda Grand, Florda Crest and Yumyoeng as male. Flordaglo x Florda Crest showed maximum fruit set (59.28%); Flordaglo x Florda Prince had maximum fruit retention (74.50%) and minimum fruit drop percentage (25.84%). After harvesting, seeds were kept for summer stratification at 4°C and seeds of Florda Crest x Florda Grand took maximum days for stratification (77.00 days) whereas, Flordaglo x Florda Grand took minimum number of days (69.00 days) for stratification. Flordaglo x Florda Crest seeds germinated early (10.30 days) and the seeds of Florda Crest x Florda Prince took maximum duration for germination (15.58 days).The highest seed germination (86.87%), plant height (45.33 cm), internodal length (2.42 cm), leaf length (8.92 cm), leaf breadth (2.45 cm) and petiole length (0.56 cm) was recorded in Flordaglo x Florda Prince hybrids. In embryo rescue studies, maximum germination (82.74%), shoot length (6.17 cm), leaf number (8.27), root length (7.81 cm), number of roots (7.27), ex vitro survival percentage (20.88%) and minimum days for germination (43.48 days) was recorded in Flordaglo x Florda Prince in MS as well as WP medium. Morphological characterization of hybrids revealed that maximum leaf length (14.20 cm), leaf length: breadth ratio (3.96), petal length (2.29 cm), petal width (1.34 cm), fruit weight (84.14 g), fruit length (52.67 mm) and fruit breadth (56.81 mm) were recorded in Tropic Beauty x Florda Grand; leaf breadth (3.73 cm), stipule length (1.52 cm), petiole length (0.78 cm), fruit firmness (13.01 lbf), TSS (12.58°Brix), TSS: acid ratio (18.40), total sugars (15.31%), reducing sugars (7.67%), non reducing sugars (7.11%) and minimum acidity (0.69%) in Florda Grand x Tropic Beauty; plant height (459.43 cm), flower per node (2.38 number/ node), fruit set (90.22%), fruit density (12.21 number/meter), maximum extent of fruit over colour (74.84%), vitamin C (7.38 mg 100g-1), antioxidant (84.20%) and total phenols (51.59 mg 100 g-1) in Flordaglo x Tropic Sweet and maximum total carotenoids (6.47 µg g-1) and total anthocyanin content (11.72 mg 100 g-1) in Suncoast x Punjab Nectarine. The fruits of hybrid Florda Grand x Tropic Beauty were the earliest to mature. The principal component analysis showed that positive correlation between plant height, petiole length, leaf length and breadth; the petal size (length and breadth) were positively correlated with flowers per node and petal length: breadth ratio. Flower density was negatively correlated with the petal size (length and breadth); fruit length and breadth showed strong positive correlation. Fruit size (length and breadth) were positively correlated with fruit weight and negatively correlated with fruit length: breadth ratio. Positive correlation was noticed between TSS and TSS: acid ratio. Antioxidant capacity was negatively correlated with the TSS and TSS: acid ratio and positively correlated with fruit firmness and titratable acidity. Among 22 markers used for hybridity confirmation, only six SSR primer pairs (MA015a, MA020a, MA023a, CPPCT-022, CPPCT-030 and UDP96-005) were able to confirm the hybridity of the F1 seedlings.
Open Access
Studies on quality improvement and storage life in flame seedless grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) through use of pre and postharvest application of chemicals
(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Simranbir Kaur; Arora, N.K.
The present research entitled “Studies on quality improvement and storage life in Flame Seedless grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) through use of pre and post-harvest application of chemicals” was conducted at Fruit Research Farm and Postharvest Laboratories, Department of Fruit Sciences, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during two consecutive seasons 2017 and 2018. The investigation was conducted in three experiments viz. cumulative effect of forchlorfenuron (CPPU), berry thinning and ethephon on time of ripening, yield and quality of ‘Flame Seedless’ grapes; preharvest applications of hexanal formulation and methyl jasmonate on fruit quality and storage life of ‘Flame Seedless’ grapes and effect of postharvest applications of hexanal, calcium chloride & salicylic acid on fruit quality and storage life of ‘Flame Seedless’ grapes. In quality improvement studies, the grape vines were treated with CPPU (1, 2 & 3 ppm) and berry thinning at pea stage in combination with foliar application of ethephon (300, 400 & 500 ppm) at veraison stage. Results revealed that maturity time was delayed by 5-7 days in grape vines perceived highest concentration of CPPU (3 ppm) in comparison with berry thinning + ethephon (400 ppm) treatment. Foliar spray of CPPU @ 1 ppm + ethephon @ 400 ppm significantly improved the average yield (26.81 Kg/ vine) and quality of grape clusters viz. cluster weight (338.04 g), cluster length (22.82 cm), berry size (1.70 × 1.69 cm) and berry weight (2.58 g), berry pedicel diameter (1.44 mm), berry firmness (224.42 g force-1), TSS: acid ratio (34.79), sugars (14.39 %), juice pH (3.49), anthocyanin accumulation (34.29 mg/l) and CIRG index (3.47). However, an adverse effect on fruit quality parameters has been observed in response to higher concentration of CPPU (3 ppm) where ethephon remained partially effective to overcome the detrimental effects; although positive influence on berry firmness and yield characters was documented. No significant effect on phenolic concentration improvement was observed with respect to CPPU treatments as compared to berry thinning treatments. Potential of preharvest applications of hexanal formulation, methyl jasmonate and ethephon was investigated for evaluation of pre and postharvest quality of grapes. Two superimposed application of hexanal formulation (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 %) were given before 15 and 30-days of harvesting, whereas methyl jasmonate (100, 200 and 300 ppm) and ethephon (400 ppm) was sprayed at veraison stage. Clusters were harvested at commercial mature stage for the evaluation of initial and postharvest quality attributes after 15, 30, 45 and 60 days of storage. Grape clusters were harvested and packed in low density polythene bags followed by storage at 0-2oC and 90-95 % RH. Results revealed that the earliest ripening (June 6) was induced by ethephon @ 400 ppm treatment. The maximum average yield (26.46 kg/vine) was obtained from grape vines treated with foliar application of hexanal formulation @ 2.0 percent through increasing the average cluster weight (340.62 g), cluster length (24.06 cm), berry weight (2.48 g), berry size (1.56 × 1.61 cm) and berry pedicel diameter (1.38 mm). Hexanal formulation @ 2.0 % significantly improved the berry firmness (217.60 g Force-1), specific gravity (1.11 g cm-1) as well as total phenolic content (43.71 mg GAE/100 g FW). Grape clusters treated with ethephon @ 400 ppm accumulated highest mean TSS (18.4 %), TSS: acid ratio (43.59), total sugars (16.11 %), juice pH (3.89), anthocyanin content (47.27 mg/l) and lowest mean titratable acidity (0.42 %). Pre-harvest foliar application of hexanal formulation @ 2.0 % was found to be the most effective in maintaining the postharvest life of ‘Flame Seedless’ grapes under 60 days of cold storage by reducing the physiological loss in weight (2.06 %), berry shattering (1.16 %), PME activity (0.13 µg/g FW) while maintaining the higher mean palatability rating (7.92), rachis freshness (0.86), TSS (17.8 %), TA (0.54 %), total sugars (16.39 %) and anthocyanin content (49.24 mg/l) during entire storage period as compared to other treatments, where ethephon (400 ppm) treatment exerted prejudicial effects during cold storage studies. The effect of postharvest applications of hexanal, calcium chloride and salicylic acid was evaluated for quality maintenance of table grapes cv. ‘Flame Seedless’ under extended cold storage. Uniform coloured grape clusters were harvested at commercial maturity and treated for five 5-miutes in aqueous solution of hexanal (0.010, 0.015 and 0.020 %), calcium chloride (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 %) and salicylic acid (1, 2 and 3 mM). Treated fruits were packed in low density polythene bags aligned with grape guard and stored at 0-2oC and 90-95 % RH followed by quality evaluation upto 60 days. Grape clusters treated with hexanal @ 0.015 and 0.020 % and calcium chloride @ 1.5 % were moderately to very much desirable after 60 days cold storage. Hexanal @ 0.015 % was found to be the most efficacious treatment in maintaining the postharvest life of ‘Flame Seedless’ grapes upto 60 days cold storage by reducing the physiological loss in weight (1.70 %), berry shattering (1.53 %), titratable acidity (0.54 %), PME activity (0.12 µg/g FW and maintaining the palatability rating (8.21), rachis freshness score (0.18), TSS (17.9 %), total sugars (16.51 %), anthocyanin content (57.26 mg/l) at higher level during entire storage period as compared to other treatments.
Open Access
Postharvest interventions for quality maintenance during storage of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) fruit
(PUNJAB AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY,LUDHIANA, 2019) SHILPA; MAHAJAN, B V C
The present investigation entitled “Postharvest interventions for quality maintenance during storage of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) fruit” was conducted in the Department of Fruit Science and Punjab Horticultural Post Harvest Technology Centre (PHPTC), Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during the year 2016-17 and 2017-18. The litchi fruits of cultivar „Dehradun‟ were harvested in second week of June during both the years and divided into different lots for further handling. Three experiments were laid out, viz; Effect of different methods of precooling on storage life and quality of litchi; Effect of different combinations of acids and edible coatings on storage life and fruit quality of litchi; Effect of different packaging materials on storage life and quality of litchi. The fruits were packed in CFB boxes and stored in walk-in-cold room maintained at 2-30C and 90-95% RH. All the three experiments were laid out in Factorial Completely Randomized Block Design using statistical analysis system software version 9.3. The litchi fruits were evaluated at weekly intervals for various physiological characters, biochemical parameters and enzymatic activities till 28 days. The fruits treated with hydrocooling (30 min) registered three weeks acceptable storage life and recorded minimum physiological loss in weight (3.88%), higher firmness (126.3 g force), lower decay incidence (8.80%), lower browning index, highest organoleptic score (7.05) and retained highest TSS (19.14⁰B), titratable acidity (0.32%), total sugars (13.16%), vitamin C (31.58 mg/100 g), anthocyanins (0.31 ΔA/g FW), antioxidant activity (83.76% inhibition), total phenols (246.33 mg/100 g FW). The enzyme PPO, POD and PAL activity was found to be minimum (148.08 unit/min/g FW, 153.85 unit/min/g FW and 0.65 μmol cinnamic acid produced/hour/g FW). In second experiment, the fruits treated with HCl 0.5 M + shellac coating witnessed two weeks storage life and recorded minimum physiological loss in weight (4.46%), higher firmness (127.1 g force), lower decay incidence (7.16%), lower browning index, highest organoleptic score (7.32) and retained highest TSS (18.88⁰B), titratable acidity (0.25%), total sugars (13.06%), vitamin C ( 30.46 mg/100g), , anthocyanins (0.30 ΔA/g FW), antioxidant activity (66.66% inhibition), total phenols (234.4 mg/100 g FW). The enzyme PPO, POD and PAL activity was minimum (79.77 unit/min/g FW, 48.10 unit/min/g FW and 0.79 μmol cinnamic acid produced/hour/g FW). In third experiment, the fruits packed in LDPE 25μ with 5 per cent perforation maintained three weeks storage life and recorded minimum physiological loss in weight (3.82%), higher firmness (125.9 g force), lower decay incidence (8.14%), lower browning index, highest organoleptic score (7.25) and retained highest TSS (18.36⁰B), titratable acidity (0.24%), total sugars (13.05%), vitamin C ( 32.78 mg/100g), anthocyanins (0.28 ΔA/g FW), antioxidant activity (64.19 % inhibition), total phenols (231.84 mg/100 g FW). The enzyme PPO, POD and PAL activity was minimum (65.81 unit/min/g FW, 52.85 unit/min/g FW and 0.66 μmol cinnamic acid produced/hour/g FW). The control (no treatment) fruits in all the experiments were found acceptable only up to 7 days of storage.
Restricted
Pre and post-harvest application of putrescine to enhance the post-harvest life of pear cv. Punjab Beauty
(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2019) Singh, Veerpartap; Jawanda, S.K
The present investigation entitled “Pre and post-harvest application of putrescine to enhance the postharvest life of pear cv. Punjab Beauty” was undertaken in Department of Fruit Science, PAU, Ludhiana during 2016 and 2017. To study the effect of pre-harvest applications of putrescine on storage behaviour of pear fruits, plants of pear cv. Punjab Beauty were sprayed with putrescine @ 1, 2 & 3mM before 7 & 14 days of expected harvest and to investigate the effect of post-harvest treatments, fruits were dipped in 1mM, 2mM & 3mM putrescine for 5 minutes before storage. Both pre- and post-harvest treated fruits were packed in corrugated fiber board (CFB) boxes and kept at ambient and cold storage (0-1oC & 90-95%RH) conditions. Experimental fruits were analyzed on 0, 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th and 15th day at ambient storage, while in cold storage analyzed on 0, 15th, 30th, 45th, 60th, 67th and 75th day of storage during both the years. Results revealed that, physiological loss in weight (PLW), spoilage, internal browning, juice pH, fruit colour (L*, a* & b* values), TSS/acid and carotenoids were increased with storage period, while fruit firmness, titratable acidity, starch, total phenols and „chlorophyll a‟ & „chlorophyll b‟ were decreased. Other parameters like sensory quality, total soluble solids (TSS), sugars, pectin methyl esterase activity and cellulase activity were increased up to 12th & 67th day of storage at ambient and cold storage respectively. Pre-harvest treatment of 3mM putrescine (14DBH) and post-harvest treatment of putrescine @ 3mM were found most effective to extend the storage life (12 & 67 days at ambient and cold storage conditions respectively) of pear fruit cv. Punjab Beauty which were significantly at par with pre-harvest treatment of 2mM putrescine (14DBH) & post-harvest treatment of 2mM putrescine respectively during both years. These treatments effectively reduced the PLW, spoilage & internal browning and maintained fruit firmness, sensory quality, TSS, titratable acidity, sugars, juice pH, total phenols, starch, fruit colour, „chlorophyll a‟ & „chlorophyll b‟ and PME & cellulase activities.
Open Access
Effect of postharvest treatments and packagings on storage life and quality of Kinnow fruit”
(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2019) baswal, Arvind Kumar; H.S Dhaliwal
The present investigation entitled, “Effect of postharvest treatments and packagings on storage life and quality of Kinnow fruit” was conducted in Department of Fruit Science and Punjab Horticultural Postharvest Technology Centre, PAU campus, Ludhiana during the years of 2016-17 and 2017-18. Fruits of Kinnow were harvested at physiological maturity and divided into requisite lots for further handling. First lot of fruits were coated with different edible coatings viz Carboxy Methylcellulose (1, 1.5 and 2%), chitosan (0.5, 1 and 1.5%) and bees wax (5, 10 and 15%). Second lot of fruits were treated with different anti-senescence compounds viz. 1-methylcyclopropane (500, 1000 and 1500 ppb), methyl jasmonates (1, 2 and 3mM) and salicylic acid (1, 2 and 3mM). Third lot of fruits were individually seal packed in commercial available packaging films viz. perforated and non-perforated PP 100, PP 150, LDPE 100 and LDPE 150 gauge films. The control fruits were kept uncoated, untreated and unpacked. The fruits were stored under cold storage conditions (5-70C and 90-95% RH). The observations on various physico-chemical attributes were recorded at different storage intervals i.e. 30, 45, 60 and 75 days. The data revealed that among different edible coatings, anti-senescence compounds and packaging materials, Kinnow fruits coated with CMC (2%), treated with MeJA (1mM) and packed in perforated PP 100 gauge film, respectively can be stored up to 60 days in contrast to control i.e. 45 days with minimum loss in PLW, spoilage, acceptable sensory attributes, higher firmness and juice content also maintained the quality attributes such as TSS, sugars, vitamin C, pectin, carotene and phenolic content and delayed the fruit softening by lowering the activity of cell wall degrading enzymes viz. PME and cellulase. These treatments seems to hold promise in extending the shelf-life and marketability of Kinnow fruits during prolonged storage.
Open Access
MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF GERMPLASM AND F1 HYBRIDS.
(PAU Ludhiana, 2013) Daljinder Singh; M. I. S, . Gill
The present investigation entitled “Morphological and molecular characterization of guava (Psidium guajava L.) germplasm and F1 hybrids” was conducted during years 2010 to 2013 at P.A.U., Ludhiana and Regional Fruit Research Station, Bahadurgarh. Thirty five guava genotypes grafted on seedling rootstocks were evaluated for tree, vegetative, reproductive, fruit and seed characters based on UPOV descriptors. Statistically significant difference for all the traits was observed among tested genotypes. Among components of genetic variation, phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation for different traits ranged from 7.26 and 6.95 to 35.00 and 33.11 %, respectively. Divergence analysis based on D2 statistic grouped the tested genotypes into six clusters with variable number of genotypes in each cluster, indicating the presence of genetic diversity in them. Cluster I, cluster IV, cluster V and cluster VI showed intra cluster distance of 55.12, 55.40, 50.70 and 61.84 respectively, indicating sufficient dissimilarity among genotypes for morphological features. Molecular characterization using 80 SSR primer pairs was done enabling cluster analysis of 43 guava genotypes. Among the primers, 78 markers amplified 258 alleles across the 43 genotypes with an average of 3.25 alleles per locus. The highest number of seven alleles per locus was amplified by mPgCIR 32, followed by six alleles per locus by mPgCIR98. The power of discrimination was found to be least (0.00) for markers mPgCIR251 and mPgCIR 414 and highest (0.84) for markers mPgCIR137. Values of expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.00 in monomorphic locus (mPgCIR251 and 414) to maximum 0.79 for locus mPgCIR32, with an average 0.47 expected heterozygosity. Estimated genetic dissimilarity coefficient ranged from minimum 0.020 (between genotypes 14-10 and 12-11) to 0.590 (between One Kg and Portugal) with an average dissimilarity of 0.322 across all the genotypes. Cluster analysis on the basis of molecular analysis classified the guava genotypes into two major groups having 3 and 40 genotypes each. The dendrogram generated using SSR markers along with the phenotypic data will be useful for choosing the diverse parents for further guava breeding programmes. A total of nine F1 hybrids were generated and vegetative parameters were recorded in different hybrids to distinguish them, as well as SSR markers were also used to confirm the parentage of these hybrids.
Open Access
Effect Of Foliar Application Of Potassium On Yield And Quality Of Kinnow
(Punjab Agricultural University ;Ludhiana, 2002) Parmpal Singh; Singh, S. N.
Open Access
Vegetative And Fruiting Behaviour Of Semi-Soft Pear Strains In Relation To Nutrient Status
(Punjab Agricultural University; Ludhiana, 2002) Tajinder Singh; Sandhu, A. S.

Thesis

Browse

Thesis Type

Type

Author

Date

Subject

Search Results