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ThesisItem Restricted Development and characterization of low chill peach genotypes for superior fruit quality(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2019) Pandey, Swapnil; Thakur, AnirudhThe present investigation entitled “Development and characterization of low chill peach genotypes for superior fruit quality” was conducted in the Department of Fruit Science, PAU, Ludhiana during the year 2016 to 2018 in three separate experiments, viz; development of new low chill peach hybrids with better fruit quality; morphological characterization of new peach and nectarine hybrids; and analysis of the F1 hybrids with a set of SSR markers to confirm hybridity. In hybridization programme, crosses were made between low chill peach cultivars taking Flordaglo and Florda Crest as female and Florda Prince, Florda Grand, Florda Crest and Yumyoeng as male. Flordaglo x Florda Crest showed maximum fruit set (59.28%); Flordaglo x Florda Prince had maximum fruit retention (74.50%) and minimum fruit drop percentage (25.84%). After harvesting, seeds were kept for summer stratification at 4°C and seeds of Florda Crest x Florda Grand took maximum days for stratification (77.00 days) whereas, Flordaglo x Florda Grand took minimum number of days (69.00 days) for stratification. Flordaglo x Florda Crest seeds germinated early (10.30 days) and the seeds of Florda Crest x Florda Prince took maximum duration for germination (15.58 days).The highest seed germination (86.87%), plant height (45.33 cm), internodal length (2.42 cm), leaf length (8.92 cm), leaf breadth (2.45 cm) and petiole length (0.56 cm) was recorded in Flordaglo x Florda Prince hybrids. In embryo rescue studies, maximum germination (82.74%), shoot length (6.17 cm), leaf number (8.27), root length (7.81 cm), number of roots (7.27), ex vitro survival percentage (20.88%) and minimum days for germination (43.48 days) was recorded in Flordaglo x Florda Prince in MS as well as WP medium. Morphological characterization of hybrids revealed that maximum leaf length (14.20 cm), leaf length: breadth ratio (3.96), petal length (2.29 cm), petal width (1.34 cm), fruit weight (84.14 g), fruit length (52.67 mm) and fruit breadth (56.81 mm) were recorded in Tropic Beauty x Florda Grand; leaf breadth (3.73 cm), stipule length (1.52 cm), petiole length (0.78 cm), fruit firmness (13.01 lbf), TSS (12.58°Brix), TSS: acid ratio (18.40), total sugars (15.31%), reducing sugars (7.67%), non reducing sugars (7.11%) and minimum acidity (0.69%) in Florda Grand x Tropic Beauty; plant height (459.43 cm), flower per node (2.38 number/ node), fruit set (90.22%), fruit density (12.21 number/meter), maximum extent of fruit over colour (74.84%), vitamin C (7.38 mg 100g-1), antioxidant (84.20%) and total phenols (51.59 mg 100 g-1) in Flordaglo x Tropic Sweet and maximum total carotenoids (6.47 µg g-1) and total anthocyanin content (11.72 mg 100 g-1) in Suncoast x Punjab Nectarine. The fruits of hybrid Florda Grand x Tropic Beauty were the earliest to mature. The principal component analysis showed that positive correlation between plant height, petiole length, leaf length and breadth; the petal size (length and breadth) were positively correlated with flowers per node and petal length: breadth ratio. Flower density was negatively correlated with the petal size (length and breadth); fruit length and breadth showed strong positive correlation. Fruit size (length and breadth) were positively correlated with fruit weight and negatively correlated with fruit length: breadth ratio. Positive correlation was noticed between TSS and TSS: acid ratio. Antioxidant capacity was negatively correlated with the TSS and TSS: acid ratio and positively correlated with fruit firmness and titratable acidity. Among 22 markers used for hybridity confirmation, only six SSR primer pairs (MA015a, MA020a, MA023a, CPPCT-022, CPPCT-030 and UDP96-005) were able to confirm the hybridity of the F1 seedlings.