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ThesisItem Restricted Effectiveness of social advertisement in promoting adoption of health and hygiene practices by rural women(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Bhalla, Sumita; Sharma, PreetiThe present investigation entitled “Effectiveness of social advertisement in promoting adoption of health and hygiene practices by rural women” was conducted with the objectives to study the TV viewing behaviour of rural women regarding social advertisement on health and hygiene practices, to explore the opinion of rural women about the quality of social advertisement, to assess the effectiveness of social advertisement in promoting adoption of selected health and hygiene practices.The study was conducted in purposively selected two districts of Punjab. The most frequently telecasted five social advertisements during the month of June, 2017 were selected after consultation with experts. Data was collected from 160 purposively selected rural women using pre-tested structured interview schedule. The findings revealed that majority of the respondents had medium to high level of exposure to mass media. Majority of the respondents had moderate (71.88%) level of TV viewing behaviour. Almost all the respondents perceived time of the social advertisements on pregnancy check-up (95.00%) and immunization (96.25%) appropriate. The duration and frequency of social advertisement on immunization was found appropriate by almost all the respondents. Almost all the respondents opined all the selected social advertisements having appropriate information quality and perceived appropriate use of language, attractive and action oriented presentation of social advertisements. The most liked social advertisement was on pregnancy check-up. Regarding the effectiveness of social advertisement, most of the respondents reached to adoption stage of keeping the environment clean (91.25%) followed by immunizing their children (83.13%), breast feeding (66.38%) and use of ORS/Zinc during diarrhoea (42.50%). A positive relationship was found between TV viewing behaviour for social advertisements and the adoption of selected health and hygiene practices.ThesisItem Open Access Simulation of Anasazi ceramic patterns for designing printed tunics(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Garcha, Jagriti Kaur; Saini, Harminder KaurThe investigation entitled “Simulation of Anasazi ceramic patterns for designing printed tunics” was carried out in Ludhiana city. Forty patterns of Anasazi ceramics were collected through secondary sources out of which thirty patterns were selected to be used for simulation. These selected Anasazi patterns were used for developing 15 designs of tunics with two variations of each through CAD. An interview schedule was prepared for the purpose of collecting data from 90 college going girls between the age group of 18-22 years, selected randomly from three colleges of Ludhiana city. The results pertaining to the preferences of the respondents regarding developed designs shows that tunic designs A1, B1, C2, D1, E1, F1, G1, H1, I1, K1, J2, L1, M1, N1 and O1 with first rank were selected out of two variations of each design. Out of 15 selected first ranked designs of tunics, design F1 was most preferred with mean score of 11.18 and was given first rank. Design M1, A1, L1 and G1 were given second, third, fourth and fifth rank with mean score of 9.88, 9.71, 8.95 and 8.74, respectively. Silk fabric was most preferred by the respondents with mean score of 3.67 followed by crepe with the mean score of 2.61. Selected tunic designs were printed using screens and stencils. Printed tunics were then constructed using measurements of 36” size dress form. Developed tunic designs were evaluated by sub sample of 30 respondents on the basis of design, fabric type, silhouette and overall appearance. It was found that tunic design A1 was given first rank on the basis of all the parameters. Majority of the respondents rated the prepared tunics as very good. The largest percentage of the respondents considers the quoted price of tunics as ‘adequate’.ThesisItem Restricted Designing of one piece dresses from used jeans(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Jasleen Kaur; Mahajan, SurabhiThe present investigation was undertaken to study the reutilization of old jeans for making one piece dresses. The study was conducted on the college going girls in three different colleges of Punjab Agricultural University. An interview schedule was used for collecting data from ninety respondents regarding the preferences for the silhouettes and embellishments of one piece dresses to be prepared from used jeans. The results of the investigation were interpreted using percentages, mean scores and chi-square. The results of the collected data revealed that most preferred silhouette types were shirt, wrap, a-line, sheath and princess line. Printing and trimmings were the most preferred embellishment type to be placed on neck and waist. Majority of respondents preferred white, pink, light purple, light green and black as the colour of the embellishment. Fifteen designs were developed using most preferred silhouettes, type, colour and placement of embellishments in CorelDraw X7. Five most preferred designs by the experts were selected and constructed. The constructed dresses were evaluated by the respondents on the basis of their overall appearance on a five point scale. Most of the respondents considered the prepared dresses as excellent and very good. Maximum number of respondents liked the idea of reutilization of jeans for making one piece dresses. Also, majority of the respondents considered the estimated price of the dresses as adequate. An effort was also made to assess the market price of prepared one piece dresses and the result showed that all the constructed one piece dresses were saleable within a selling price range `1000-1800.ThesisItem Restricted ROLE OF DAIRY CO-OPERATIVES IN EMPOWERMENT OF RURAL WOMEN OF LUDHIANA DISTRICT(Punjab Agricultural University, 2012) Kochar, Gagandeep; sukhjeet KaurThe present study entitled ―Role of Diary Co-operatives in Empowerment of Rural Women of Ludhiana District‖ was undertaken to study the profile of Women Dairy Cooperative Society (WDCS) and its members, participation of women in functioning of Women Dairy Cooperative Society, empowerment of women through Women Dairy Cooperative Societies and problems faced by members of Women Dairy Cooperative Society.The list of Dairy Co-operative Societies run by women in Ludhiana District was collected from Verka milk plant (Milkfed, Punjab). A sample of 150 members was selected through proportionate random sampling technique. Thus the study was carried out on 40 WDCS and 150 members of Women Dairy Cooperative Societies. The data were collected with the help of interview schedule. The study revealed that the large proportion of the WDCS i.e. 52.50 per cent was formed during the year 1986-95. All the WDCS had extension contacts with Verka Milkfed agency and veterinary doctors. The findings of the study also indicated that large majority of 80 per cent members of WDCS attended training courses/camps organized by Verka Milkfed (Ludhiana) followed by 58 per cent members who attended demonstrations. Findings further revealed that participation of members of WDCS in dairy management practices was not so much high. There was improvement in economic resources of the family, women‘s own development, decision making capacity regarding education and marriage of children and participation in social activities. Members of dairy cooperative societies faced maximum problems regarding irregularity in holding meetings, arranging and managing the meetings and lack of guidance and services due to inappropriate dairy-extension personal.ThesisItem Open Access Designing a Line of Kurtis using Phulkari Motifs for Girls(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2014) Manpreet Kaur; Brar, Kanwaljeet KaurThe investigation entitled ‘Designing a line of kurtis using phulkari motifs for girls’ was carried out to make phulkari embroidery more versatile for the contemporary trends in kurtis and enhance its market potential. The prevailing market trends in phulkari embroidered kurtis studied through a market survey of twenty showrooms of Patiala selected through purposive sampling technique apprised the investigator regarding the availability of phulkari embroidered ready-made (75.00 %) and semi-stitched kurtis (100.00%), and kurti yardage (90.00%) in the market which lacked in the style factor of cultural fusion to which young girls are highly receptive. Phulkari motifs documented under the investigation from various primary and secondary sources were selected and categorized. Five motifs from each of the four categories, floral/foliage, geometrical, bird/animal and miscellaneous obtaining top five ranks were selected by the investigator to design the kurtis. A line of twenty designs of kurtis with phulkari embroidery was developed by using Corel Draw X3. Preferences of ninety college-going girls, representing the target segment of consumers, selected randomly from three colleges of Ludhiana city revealed that A-line silhouette (mean score 3.92) was most preferred followed by tubular silhouette (mean score 3.44). Girls preferred Chanderi silk (mean score 4.17) fabric most for phulkari embroidered kurtis followed by raw silk (mean score 3.47) and synthetic georgette (mean score 3.38). Boat neckline (mean score 4.02) and round neckline (mean score 3.85) were preferred over U (mean score 3.55), square (mean score 3.43), V- necklines (mean score 2.98). Band collar was most preferred by majority of the respondents. Binding (83.33%), ribbons (64.45%) and Swarovski (50.00%) were most liked. Out of twenty developed designs of phulkari embroidered kurtis, six most preferred designs were prepared. Evaluation of the prepared kurtis was done by a sub-sample of thirty randomly selected respondents. The silhouette of the prepared kurti K11 was most preferred with mean score 3.20 which obtained first rank. Motifs as well as colour combinations of kurti K20 (mean score 3.10 each) was most preferred by the respondents. Both K11 and K20 (mean score 3.66 each) obtained first rank for overall preference. Kurtis K8, K16, K20 (mean score 2.46) were liked most for the embellishments. The quoted prices for the prepared kurti design K3, K8, K11 were found to be adequate with profit margins of 28.38, 27.87, and 29.64 per cent, respectively. The cost of production is expected to be lower on being mass produced.ThesisItem Restricted Designing Western Dresses for College Going Girls using Different Silhouettes(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2014) Varsha Devi; Saini, Harminder KaurABSTRACT The present study entitled ‘Designing western dresses for college going girls using different silhouettes’ was carried out in Ludhiana city. An interview schedule was prepared for collecting data from 90 college going girls between the age group of 18-22 years selected randomly from three colleges of Ludhiana city. The results of the study revealed that majority of the respondents were in their second year of graduation, belonging to nuclear families, urban background and had family income ranged between `40,001-80,000. A-Line, balloon, sheath, mermaid and ball gown silhouettes were the five most preferred ones. Plain georgette and cotton fabrics, black and red colours in single and two coloured combination, western dresses with round shape neckline were most preferred. Among constructional features, respondents preferred gathers with elastic, knife pleats, pin tucks, round shaped yoke and gathered ruffles. Embroidery as surface embellishment techniques and lace, swarovski and sequins for surface embellishment were most preferred by the respondents. Five most preferred silhouettes were used for developing the dress designs. Thus total ten designs (two designs for each silhouette) were developed in Corel draw X6. Preferences regarding ten developed designs for western dresses were taken. Thus, top five ranked designs of western dresses were selected for construction. Evaluation of the prepared western dresses was done on the basis of suitability to fabric, comfort and overall appearance of the garment. Majority of the respondents preferred dress design (A2) in A-Line silhouette on the basis of suitability to fabric and comfort. Dress design (B2) in mermaid silhouette was most preferred by the respondents on the basis of overall appearance.ThesisItem Open Access Line Development of Indo-Western Dresses for Girls Using Peacock Motifs(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2014) Gupta, Anchal; Brar, Kanwaljeet KaurThe investigation entitled ‘Line development of indo-western dresses for girls using peacock motifs’ was carried out to make Indo-western styles more versatile for the contemporary trends in fashion and enhance its market potential. The prevailing market trends in Indo-western dresses studied through a market survey of twenty showrooms of Ludhiana selected through purposive sampling technique apprised the investigator that Indo-western dresses were available for both formal and semi-formal occasions in the market. Peacock motifs documented from various primary and secondary sources were selected and categorized. Ten motifs from each category, realistic and stylized obtaining top ten ranks, were selected by the investigator to design the Indo-western dresses. A line of twenty Indo-western dresses using peacock motifs was developed by using CorelDraw X5. Preferences of ninety college-going girls representing the target segment of consumers, selected randomly from three colleges of Ludhiana city revealed that A-line silhouette was most appreciated for both formal (94.44%) and semi-formal (100.00%) wear followed by empire line silhouette for formal in formal (90.00%) and semi-formal (92.22%) wear. Girls preferred taffeta (mean score 3.06) followed by georgette (mean score 2.34) and crepe (mean score 2.13) for Indo-western dresses. Halter neckline was preferred by 86.67 per cent respondents for formal and boat neckline by 92.22 per cent for semi-formal Indo-western dresses. Sleeveless dresses were highly accepted by 92.22 per cent respondents in formal and 94.44 per cent in semi-formal Indo-western dresses. Swarovski was most liked for both formal (96.67%) and semi-formal (100.00%) Indo-western dresses. Out of twenty developed designs of Indo-western dresses with peacock motifs, six most preferred designs were prepared. Evaluation of the prepared dresses was done by a sub-sample of thirty randomly selected respondents. The silhouette of the prepared Indo-western dress D1 and D18 was most preferred with mean score 3.43 each and obtained first rank. Colour combinations of D8 and D10 (mean score 3.69 each) obtained first rank. Overall appearance of D10 (mean score 4.02) and embellishment of D8 (mean score 3.79) were most preferred by the respondents. The quoted prices for the prepared dress designs D1, D13 and D10 were found to be adequate with profit margins of 28.38, 27.87, and 29.64 per cent, respectively. The cost of production is expected to be lower on being mass produced and profit percentage would be higher.