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20224
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Subject: Forestry × End date: 2022 × Start date: 2022 × Type: Thesis ×
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    Effect of container type and growing media on growth and nutrients uptake in Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. seedlings
    (Punjab Agricultural University, 2022) Ramandeep Kaur; Garg, Rakesh K.
    The present study was conducted in the Department of Forestry and Natural Resources during the year 2020-21. The study comprised of two nursery experiments established in factorial complete randomized design with three replications. The first experiment comprised of fifteen treatment combinations of five container types (plastic bottles, clay pots, plastic pots, polypropylene bags and polythene bags) and three container size (500 cm³, 1000 cm³ and 2000 cm³). Second experiment comprised of twenty one treatment combinations of three soil textures (sandy loam, loamy sand and clay loam) and seven amendments (pure soil, soil: FYM 1:1, soil: FYM 2:1, soil: bio digester slurry 1:1, soil: bio digester slurry 2:1, soil: rice husk ash 1:1 and soil: rice husk ash 2:1). Seedlings raised in large size polypropylene bags attained maximum plant height (143.27cm), collar diameter (10.53mm), number of branches (24.33), number of leaves (50.33), root length (93.90cm), number of roots (34), number of nodules (22), biomass production and nutrient (N, P and K) uptake. The reusable containers viz plastic bottles, plastic pots and clay pots can be used for producing plants to reduce dependency on single-use polythene bags in nurseries. The seedlings produced in mixture of sandy loam and bio digester slurry (2:1) resulted in maximum root length (160.33 cm), number of nodules (25.33), number of leaves (46.33), biomass production and nutrients uptake at nine months of age. Seedlings raised in sandy loam:bio digester slurry (2:1) had statistically at par plant height with sandy loam:bio digester slurry (1:1) and loamy sand:bio digester slurry (2:1) at nine months of age.
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    Response of Melia dubia and Dalbergia sissoo to sandy loam soil amended with water absorbent polymers
    (Punjab Agricultural University, 2022) Rajesh Kumar; Dhakad, Ashok Kumar
    The present study was carried out in the Department of Forestry & Natural Resources at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during the year 2021-22. To study the effect of water absorbant polymers application on the growth, biomass, elemental concentrations in leaves and leaf physiological parameters of Melia dubia and Dalbergia sissoo, the hydrogel was applied in powdered form before planting the seedlings in pits having 50×50×50 cm3 volume at concentrations of 0, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 g/plant. Plant characteristics like plant height, collar diameter, leaf N, P, K, and physiological traits viz., chlorophyll, carotenoids, RWC, MSI and TSS were measured at 6 months or seasonal interval, while, CAI for height and diameter, crown length, crown height, root length, plant fresh and dry weight were at end of experiment (12 MAP). In Melia dubia, treatment T2 (30 gm/pit) was found best for growth and biomass parameters and lowest values was in control. However, in Dalbergia sissoo maximum readings of growth and biomass parameters were obtained in Treatment T3 (35 gm/pit) and minimum in control. The physiological parameters of Melia dubia such as N, K, RWC and MSI were recorded higher in T2 (30 gm/pit) while P was in T3 (35 gm/pit) treatment. Total carotenoid was recorded maximum for both T2 (30 gm/pit) and T3 (35 gm/pit). Chl-a, Chl-b and total chlorophyll were observed highest in T6 (50 gm/pit) and TSS was in T1 (25 gm/pit). The physiological parameters of Dalbergia sissoo did not show any definite pattern for most of the traits studied. The maximum value of N and MSI was observed in T4 (40 gm/pit), while P and K were in T2 (30 gm/pit). Chl-a, Chl-b, total chlorophyll and RWC were found maximum in T3 (30 gm/pit), total carotenoids in T6 (50 gm/pit) and TSS in T1 (25 gm/pit). Lowest values for all physiological parameters in both trees were recorded under control. The high heritability was recorded in root length, plant fresh, dry weight and few physiological traits for both Melia dubia and Dalbergia sissoo. Only growth and biomass traits showed significant positive correlation in both plant species.
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    Assessment of Salix clones for morphological and physiological traits under salt stress
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2022) Manpreet Kaur; Thakur, Sapna
    The present investigation entitled “Assessment of Salix clones for morphological and physiological traits under salt stress” was carried out in the teaching area, Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab during the year, 2021. Stem cuttings of selected five Salix clones were established in a pot experiment in Feb, 2021 arranged in Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) using four replications and were irrigated with 0, 20, 40, 60, 80mM NaCl treatments for the active growth period. The observations on growth and physiological characteristics of clones as well as chemical parameters of soil were recorded at an interval of two months after initiation of salinity treatments i.e., May, July and October. However, the biomass parameters were recorded at the end of experiment. All the growth and biomass traits showed significantly reduction with increase in salinity treatments. Among physiological traits, significant reduction were observed in total chlorophyll, carotenoids, total starch and relative water content, while salinity stress raised the content of proline, total soluble sugar, total soluble protein, total phenol, electrolyte leakage and Na+/K+ ratio in all the clones. The enzymatic activities of POD and SOD increased in all the clones when subjected to higher levels of salinity stress. On the basis of overall mean performance, clone UHF 03 showed better growth and biomass accumulation at 80 mM and was found to be the most tolerant to salinity stress among tested clones. SEM and EDS mapping confirmed anatomical changes and higher Na accumulations in the roots and leaves of Salix in response to salinity stress. Highest heritability and genetic gain were recorded for relative water content, POD, fresh root weight, dry root weight and proline content. Strong correlation was observed for total dry weight with various physiological traits i.e., total starch, relative water content, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, total phenol, electrolyte leakage, Na+/K+ ratio, SOD and POD and thus, these traits must be given due importance while making selection for salt tolerance in Salix species.
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    Studying the variation among clones of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. for growth, stem quality and physiological traits.
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2022) Ravi Inder Singh; Dhillon, G.P.S.
    In the present study, eight clones of shisham (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.) were evaluated on the basis of growth traits, adaptability and stem quality parameters mainly clear bole height and stem straightness under field conditions at the age of 54 months. Significant variation was observed among clones for all the growth and stem quality traits. Mean tree height varied from 7.50 to 10.86 m in which clone PS-52 exhibited maximum tree height. Mean DBH was in the range of 9.62-12.33 cm with clone PS-54 having the highest DBH. Clone PS-54 recorded maximum volume index (0.159 m3/tree). Highest clear bole height was recorded by clone PS-20 (4.01 m) and was at par with clones PS-90 and PS-52. Straightness score varied from 2.58-3.83 and clones PS-20, PS-52 and PS-54 were superior ones. Clone PS-52 witnessed highest survival percentage of 97.60%. Pathological infestation ranged from 1.33 to 2.67 and clone PAU-2 was the superior most. Clones PAU-2 and PAU-5 were showing the least symptoms for insect-pest attack. All the clones were similar in the phenological observations. In biochemical estimation of leaves, significant variation among the clones was observed for chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, total soluble sugars, total soluble proteins, starch and reducing sugars content. Variability estimates were quite high for disease incidence, straightness and clear bole height. The heritability and predicted genetic gain was high for stem quality traits and medium for growth traits. Clones PS-52 and PS-20 were adjudged promising based on the index score given for the studied morphological traits.