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2011 - 20142
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Subject: Foods and Nutrition × Start date: 1970 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Neha Mahajan
    (Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana, 2011) Neha Mahajan; Kiran Grover
    A sample of 200 adolescent boys (100 urban and 100 rural) in the age group of 16-18 years was selected from two schools of Ludhiana namely Government Model Senior Secondry School PAU Ludhiana in urban area and Shaheed colonel Harcharan Singh Sekho Yadgiri Government Senior Secondry School Dakha, Ludhiana in rural area. The data on general profile, socio-economic status, physical activity pattern and food consumption pattern (general and fast food) were collected. Dietary intake and anthropometric measurements were also assessed using standard methods. An educational package was developed both in English and Punjabi consisting of thirteen chapters on nutritional and health guidelines for adolescents. Nutrition education was imparted for three months. Impact of nutrition intervention was assessed by comparing the knowledge scores and the mean frequency of general and fast food consumption by the subjects before and after the intervention. The results revealed that rural adolescent boys were physically more active with longer duration of play, walk and exercise than urban subjects. The frequency of general food consumption was higher among rural subjects while frequency of fast food consumption was higher among urban boys. The per cent adequacy of food intake presented a low intake of cereals, pulses, roots and tubers, green leafy vegetables, other vegetables, milk and milk products, meat and chicken and fruits whereas a high intake of fats among both the groups. The data on per cent adequacy of nutrient intake revealed that intake of protein, vitamins and minerals was low. The energy intake was adequate while intake of fat was higher among both the groups. The classification of Body Mass Index showed that a higher percentage of rural adolescent boys were underweight (27 vs 14%) while more of urban adolescents as obese (38 vs 32%). A significant impact of nutrition intervention both on knowledge scores and mean frequency of general as well as fast food consumption was observed among urban and rural adolescent boys, but the impact was higher among urban subjects.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Impact of nutrition counseling on the nutritional status and fetal outcome of gestational diabetics.
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2014) Khushpreet Kaur; Kochhar, Anita
    Sixty gestational diabetics in the age group of 20-40 years were selected from Dayanand Medical College and Hospital and other local hospitals of Ludhiana. The subjects were divided into two groups viz. experimental (E) and controlled (C) group. General information, family history, sign and symptoms, physical activity pattern and dietary pattern of the subjects was recorded by interview schedule. In group E nutrition counseling was imparted for three months at 15 days interval by individual and group contacts about gestational diabetes, sign & symptoms, causes, risk factors, complications, management, prevention, dietary management, role of antioxidants and importance of exercise in the management of gestational diabetes mellitus. Blood glucose and lipid profile level of the subjects were recorded before and after nutrition counseling. The anthropometric parameters were also measured. Significant improvement was seen in food habits, physical exercise and dietary pattern of the subjects in group E. The mean daily intake of cereals (65.2 to 79%), pulses (65.9 to 73.9%), green leafy vegetables (60.3 to 90.7%), other vegetables (66.4 to 83.7%), fruits (50 to 97.7%) and milk & milk product (78.1 to 98.1%) was significantly increased and mean daily intake of roots & tubers (82.2 to 30.7%), fats & oils (120.2 to 93.7%) and sugar & jaggery (110 to 50%) was significantly decreased in the subjects of group E. The mean daily energy (68.2 to 75.8%) and protein (64 to 73.8%) intake of the subjects increased significantly and intake of total fat (167 to 117%) decreased significantly in the subjects of group E. The mean daily intake of vitamins and minerals were increased significantly (P≤0.01, P≤0.05) by the subjects in group E. It was found that there is significant decrease in the blood glucose level in the subjects of group E. The levels of total triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-C and VLDL-C decreased significantly and level of HDL-C increased significantly in group E. There was also significant increase in the knowledge, attitude and practice score obtain by subjects in group E. Quantum of knowledge of the subjects regarding the disease and diet improved 3.55 times. The subjects of group E faced less complications as compared to group C. Anthropometric parameters of the newborns were better in group E as compared to group C. Therefore, it can be reported from the results that nutrition counseling significantly improved the nutritional status of the gestational diabetics and their fetal outcome. Keywords: Gestational diabetes mellitus, Anthropometric parameters, Blood glucose, Lipid profile, Nutrition counseling and Nutritional status. ________________________