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2012 - 20202
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Subject: Food and Nutrition × Author: Harleen Kaur × Start date: 2012 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Impact of nutrition counselling on knowledge and lifestyle modification of pre-diabetic females
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2020) Harleen Kaur
    The present study was conducted to assess the impact of the developed nutrition education package on lifestyle modification of pre-diabetic females. The study was conducted among women of Ludhiana city. A total of 730 female subjects in the age group of 30-50 years were tested for fasting blood glucose (FBG), out of which 120 were selected who were having FBG ranging between 100-125 mg/dl. The selected subjects were divided into two matched groups; experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). The nutrition education was given for 3 months on fortnightly basis to the Experimental group (EG) subjects through individual and group contact. The gain in nutrition knowledge was assessed after the study using KAP score. General information, lifestyle related information, dietary habits and family history of diabetes were recorded of the selected subjects. The anthropometric measurements, blood glucose, lipid profile, physical activity, food and nutrient intake was analysed pre and post intervention. The present study concluded that majority of the subjects were in the age group of 40-50 years (70.8%), and had a positive family history of diabetes (57.5%). It was also concluded that 43.3 percent subjects were suffering from hypertension. The subjects did not show any clinical signs and symptoms of diabetes. The mean value of BMI was 26.2±4.3 kg/m2 of EG subjects and 25.6±3.5 kg/m2 of CG subjects and they were categorised under the category of pre-obese. The fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels of the experimental group subjects reduced significantly (p≤0.01), no change was observed among control group subjects. The lipid profile of the experimental group had a significant improvement (p≤0.01). The pre intervention subjects were under the category of sedentary lifestyle of both the groups i.e. EG and CG. There was 14.8 percent reduction in the cereal intake and 19 percent increase in the pulses intake among the experimental group subjects. A significant increase (p≤0.05) in the intake of other vegetables, fruits and milk and milk products was also observed. The protein intake was significantly increased (p≤0.01) post intervention among experimental group. The developed nutrition education package had a highly significant impact on knowledge, awareness and practices (KAP) of the experimental group subjects. Diabetes risk score was also calculated and subjects of both the groups were under the high-risk category.
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    INTERRELATIONSHIP AMONG DIETARY DIVERSITY, SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS AND FOOD SECURITY IN RURAL HOUSEHOLDS
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2012) Harleen Kaur
    A total of 90 farm households from three land holding categories viz. small (1-2 hectares), semi-medium (2-4 hectares) and medium (4-10 hectares) from village Lalton, district Ludhiana were selected to determine the interrelationship among diet diversity, socio-economic factors and food security. The households were categorized into Group I, II and III based on their land holdings. Dietary information was obtained from 133 women subjects (18-45 years old) from the selected households. A significantly (p≤0.05) higher total and per capita income was observed in Group III when compared to Group I and Group II. The total expenditure on food by Group I, II and III was 18.4, 24.4 and 20.5%, respectively. Group II expended significantly (p≤0.05) more on food than Group I. Out of 11 nutrients, four of them namely vitamins A, B1, C and calcium had Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (NAR) more than 100%, while only Vitamin B12 had NAR% less than 50%, other six nutrients namely energy, protein, vitamin B2, B3, folacin and iron had NAR laid between 51-75%. Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR) for Group I, II and III was 76.2, 83.6 and 80.8%. Overall adequacy was comparable between the three groups, however, Group I had significantly (p≤0.05) lower MAR% compared to Group II. Among the dietary factors, cereals were positively correlated with DDS, FVS and MAR%. Green leafy vegetables were significantly (p≤0.05) correlated with MAR, while other vegetables were significantly (p≤0.05) correlated with DDS and MAR%. Fruits and milk and milk products showed significant (p≤0.05, 0.01) and positive correlation with DDS, FVS and MAR%. The intake of vitamin A and calcium intake was significantly (p≤0.05, 0.01) correlated with both DDS and FVS, while protein was significantly (p≤0.05, 0.01) correlated with FVS. Vitamin B12 and C showed positive correlation with DDS. Multiple regression analysis revealed that with the increase in expenditure on food, there was a significant (p≤0.1) increase in DDS but household size showed negative but significant (p≤0.1) association with DDS. The education of respondents and total expenditure on food resulted in a significant (p≤0.1) increase in FVS but there was significant (p≤0.1) decrease in FVS with the increase in household size. Significant (p≤0.05) predictors of MAR were size of land holding, total income, income from agriculture and dairy. The study concluded that there is a strong interrelationship observed between dietary diversity score (DDS), food variety score (FVS) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) indicating that all three can be used effectively as indicators of food security. However, DDS and FVS being simple can be substituted for the more complex and time consuming MAR method in large sample studies.