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2011 - 2019372020 - 202326
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Subject: Floriculture and Landscaping × Start date: 2010 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemEmbargo
    Effect of pruning level and time on growth and flowering of ornamental climbers
    (Punjab Agricultural University, 2023) Parteek Singh; Dhatt, K.K.
    The study entitled “Effect of pruning level and time on growth and flowering of ornamental climbers” was carried out at Research Farm, Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab during 2022-2023. The present study was planned with the objective to standardize the pruning time and level of ornamental climbers. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications to study the different pruning time (2) and pruning levels (4 bud stage, 8 bud stage, Tip pruning and control). The optimal pruning time for Adenocalymma alliaceum was late September, that resulted in early bud initiation, bud sprouting, flower bud initiation, and flowering (40.20 days). Plants pruned at the 8-bud stage (L3) took minimum time to leaf bud initiation (22.41 days), leaf bud sprouting, and time to flowering (48.33 days). For Petrea volubilis, late January pruning resulted in minimum time for leaf bud initiation, bud sprouting, leaf sprouting, flower bud initiation, and flowering (47.16 days). In Petrea volubilis pruning at the 4-bud stage was early to leaf bud initiation, bud sprouting, leaf sprouting, and flower bud initiation (45.33 days). In Quisqualis indica, late March pruning leads to the least time for flower bud initiation (46.00 days) and flowering (64.58 days). Leaf bud initiation (5.33 days), bud sprouting, leaf sprouting, flower bud initiation (52.25 days), and flowering (70.83 days) was earliest in plants pruned at 4 bud stage (L2). Pruning at 4 bud stage in Pyrostegia venusta has same trend as in Quisqualis indica with maximum leaf length, width and area.
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Effect of Different Fertigation Levels on Growth and Flower Production in Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii L.)
    (Punjab Agricultural University, 2023) Maddirala, Vamsi; Parminder Singh
    Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii L.) commonly known Transvaal daisy is an important commercial cut flower crop. Gerbera flower stalks are long, thin and leafless and have a long vase life. Experiment was conducted to determine the impact of different fertigation levels on growth and flower production in Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii L.). Five fertigation levels i.e., T1 to T5 (60, 80, 100, 120 and 140% of commercial fertigation schedule) and four varieties V1 to V4 (1654, Livia, Haimi and Petali) were used to conduct the trial. Quarterly observations were recorded on multiple traits. In the month of June, treatment T4 had the maximum plant height, plant spread, number of leaves, leaf area and SPAD value. Treatment T3 caused early flower bud opening with larger flowers, longer stalk length, higher flower yield and more vase life. In varieties, V4 had the maximum plant spread, leaf area and SPAD value while V3 had maximum flower diameter, stalk length and disc diameter. Number of flowers per plant and vase life was maximum in V2. In the subsequent quarters i.e., September, December and March, fertigation treatment T3 recorded highest plant height, plant spread, leaf area, SPAD value, early flower bud opening, flower diameter, stalk length, number of flowers and vase life. Amongst varieties, V4 had higher plant height, plant spread, leaf count and flowers, whereas, V2 had shown early flower bud opening, maximum flower diameter, flowering duration and vase life. So, to conclude, fertigation treatment, T3 (100% of commercial fertigation schedule) caused significant improvement in the plant growth and flower production which was statistically at par with treatment T4 (120% of commercial fertigation schedule). Variety V4 (Petali) performed best in terms of flower production and vase life that was statistically at par with V2 (Livia).
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Effect of pruning time and height on growth and flowering of rose (Rosa gruss-am-teplitz)
    (Punjab Agricultural University, 2022) Gurveer Kaur; Ranjit Singh
    The study was conducted to find the effect of pruning time and height on growth and flowering of Rose Rosa gruss-an-teplit2). Two-year old plants were used for the research. The Five pruning time treatments (1sh September, 1sh October, 15h November, 15h December and 15h January) were combined at height of PH (45cm) and PH, (90cm) from ground level. The Factorial Randomized Block Design method was used to set up the experiment with three replications. For vegetative parameters, maximum (144.08 cm) plant height was recorded at 90 cm pruning height, maximum (93.16 cm) plant spread was recorded in 90 cm pruning height, maximum (44.00) number of branches and maximum (2027.2) number of leaves were also observed at height of 90 cm from ground level. In case of floral parameters, early (31.17) days to visible bud appearance, less (37.13) days to color break, less (45.16) days to opening of first flower and less (60.50) days to 50 % flowering were recorded in pruning at height of 45 cm from ground level on 15h September pruning whereas maximum (7.27 cm) flower diameter was obtained on 15" November pruning. The number of petals, petal length and petal width were reported almost similar in all pruning time and pruning height treatments whereas pruning on 15h November showed maximum flower weight which was almost similar in 15 October pruning. In case of yield parameters, maximum (362.33) number of flowers was recorded at height of 45 cm height in 1sh September month pruning which was also found at par with 15 October and 15 November pruning but maximum (1715.6) flower yield was recorded at 45 cm pruning height in October which was almost recorded similar in November month pruning at 45 cm pruning height. So, on the basis of result obtained in study, pruning at height of 45 cm from 1s October to 15h November was best in improving flower yield of Rosa gruss-an-teplitz in open field conditions of Punjab.
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Evaluation of green waste compost as a growing media for flowering annuals
    (Punjab Agricultural University, 2023) Sharma, Sukhdeep Kumar; Dubey, R.K.
    The present investigations entitled “Evaluation of green waste compost as a growing media for flowering annuals” were undertaken at Landscape Nursery, Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, during October - 2020. Four flowering annuals (Dianthus chinensis, Calendula officinalis and Bellis perennis and Tagetes patula) were transplanted in polybags of size 7 x 5 and 12 x 10 inches, filled with green waste compost (GWC) and soil in different proportions i.e. . GWC 100%, GWC 75% + Soil 25%, GWC 50% + Soil 50%, GWC 25% + Soil 75% , FYM 50% + Soil 50% (Check) and Soil 100% (Control) during October 2020. Maximum plant height (43.89 cm), were observed in Dianthus chinensis, maximum plant spread (36.64 cm) were observed in Calendula officinalis, maximum number of primary branches per plant (24.20) were observed in Calendula officinalis, higher number of flower per plant (30.35) were observed in Calendula officinalis and maximum flower size (5.81 cm) were observed in Calendula officinalis in T3 (GWC 50% + Soil 50%). Maximum Shelf life (12.71 days) were observed in Dianthus chinensis and Duration of flowering (96.03 days) were observed in Calendula officinalis in T3 (GWC 50% + Soil 50%).Plants growing in media (GWC 100%) were somewhat stunted and chlorotic for several weeks after transplanting probably due to higher levels of EC (2.82 dS/m) and pH (7.53). The growing media composition was observed to be an ideal in T3 (GWC 50% + Soil 50%) i.e. pH (7.20), EC (0.43 dS/m), OC (1.26%), percent available nitrogen (0.27%), percent available phosphorus (0.22%), percent available K (0.20%), total porosity (40.83%) and water holding capacity (75.80%) for nursery raising of flowering annuals. On the basis of growth performance evaluated, the sequence for growth parameters is Calendula officinalis>Dianthus chinensis> Tagetes patula and Bellis perennis . GWC 50% + Soil 50% proved superior growing medium for growth of four flowering annuals than other media.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of growth performance of woody perennial saplings raised in organic wastes
    (Punjab Agricultural University, 2022) Hardeep Kaur; Dubey, R. K.
    The present investigation entitled “Evaluation of growth performance of woody perennial saplings raised in organic wastes” was carried out at Landscape nursery, Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during year 2021-22 with an objective to evaluate the growth performance of tree and shrub saplings in different organic wastes and standardize the organic waste-based growing media for raising healthy and disease-free saplings. Five different tree and shrub species were planted in six different organic waste-based growing media. The xperiment was laid out in completely randomized design and the data for different growth attributes were statistically analysed. The seedling and root growth parameters were found maximum in T5 i.e., press mud media. Among the trees, the highest seedlings were observed in P. roxburghii (31.27 cm) while among shrubs in L. indica (32.19 cm) and L. camara (22.24 cm). The root collar diameter among trees was found maximum in P. roxburghii (4.53 mm) while among shrubs in L. camara (4.07 mm) and L. indica (5.37 mm). However, most number of primary branches per plant in terms of tree species was recorded in K. paniculata (2.77) and among shrubs in T. divaricata (4.52) and L. indica (3.31). The shoot dry weight for both trees and shrub species was also found to be maximum in pressmud media which was highest in P. roxburghii (4.26 g) among trees and L. camara (4.09 g) and L. indica (4.89 g) among shrub species. The survival percentage among different treatments was found to be maximum in B. variegata (94.81%) among trees and among shrubs in T. divaricata (94.07%) and T. peruviana (93.33%) grown in press mud media (T5). As for root growth characteristics, the primary root length was found maximum in K. paniculata (26.62 cm) among trees while in shrub species in L. camara (23.20 cm) and T. peruviana (21.56 cm). The primary root diameter was found to be best in P. roxburghii (3.57 mm) among trees while in shrub species in L. camara (3.29 mm) and T. peruviana (3.66 mm). While root dry weight among tress species was found to be maximum in K. paniculata (4.95 g) whereas among shrub species B. sempervensis (3.64g) and T. peruviana (3.30 g) grown in press mud media (T5). The chemical and physical properties were also found to be best in press mud based treatment T5. Based on the study, it can be concluded that the press mud based organic waste media can be used for raising the trees and shrubs nursery successfully.
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    ThesisItemEmbargo
    Studies on nutrition scheduling through drip irrigation for quality flower production in chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)
    (Punjab Agricultural University, 2023) Manmohan Singh; Madhu Bala
    The investigation entitled “Studies on nutrition scheduling through drip irrigation for quality flower production in chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)” was carried out experiment during the year in 2020 at the research farm of Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab with aim to study the effect of NPK through drip fertigation on vegetative and floral growth of chrysanthemum on the spray variety ‘Punjab shaymli’ with five treatment combination viz, T1 NPK @ 100:150:100 kg/ha (100%RDF) i.e. 33.3: 33.3: 33.3% NPK (vegetative phase), 33.3: 33.3:33.3% NPK (bud phase), 33.3f: 33.3: 33.3% NPK (flowering phase).T2 NPK @ 100:150:100 kg/ha (100%RDF) i.e. 40:20:20% NPK (vegetative phase), 30:40:40% NPK (bud phase), 30:40:40% NPK (flowering phase).T3 NPK @75:112.5:75 kg/ha (75%RDF) i.e.33.3: 33.3: 33.3% NPK (vegetative phase), 33.3: 33.3:33.3% NPK (bud phase), 33.3: 33.3: 33.3% NPK (flowering phase).T4 NPK @75:112.5:75 kg/ha (75%RDF) i.e. 40:20:20% NPK (vegetative phase), 30:40:40% NPK (bud phase), 30:40:40% NPK (flowering phase), T5 100% RDF, N:P2O5:K2O (100:150:100) kg/ha as soil application (control). Full dose of P and K as basal, N three equal split-first applied as basal, second dose at pinching and third dose one month after pinching. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design having four replications. Data on vegetative growth and floral attributes was recorded and statistically analysed. The treatment T2 (NPK @ 100:150:100 kg/ha/year) resulted in maximum plant height (73.06 cm), plant spread (18.49 cm), chlorophyll content (91.28cci), leaf area (32.68 cm2), length of spray (68.06 cm), stem girth (8.56 mm), flower diameter (4.87cm), minimum days to bud appearance (71.42 days), days to colour shown (82.17 days), days to 50% flowering (98.42 days), number of spray/plant (4.67), number of spray/ha (154110), number of flowers/plant (46.58), duration of flowering (37.50 days), vase life (21.67 days) and benefit cost ratio (3.29) as compared to other treatments. Based on the study, it can be concluded that NPK @ 100:150:100 kg/ha (100%RDF) i.e. 40:20:20% NPK (vegetative phase), 30:40:40% NPK (bud phase), 30:40:40% NPK (flowering phase) was found to be best combination for the production of best quality flower in chrysanthemum.
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Studies on plant spacing and fertigation schedule for loose flower production of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)
    (Punjab Agricultural University, 2022) Bhobhria, Vimal; Madhu Bala
    The investigations entitled “Studies on plant spacing and fertigation schedule for loose flower production of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)” was carried out at Research Farm, Department of Floriculture and Landscaping and Soil and Water Engineering, PAU, Ludhiana during the year 2021-22 with the aim to standardize fertigation level and plant spacing for quality loose flower production. Four different fertigation levels of N@ (60kg/ha, 80kg/ha, 100kg/ha and 120kg/ha) were applied to two different chrysanthemum varieties namely „Punjab Shingar‟ and „Ratlam Selection‟ through drip irrigation along with three different spacings i.e.,40×30 cm, 40×40 cm and 40×60 cm. The statistical used was Split Plot Design (SPD) and trial was replicated thrice.The data on growth, flowering and yield parameters were recorded and statistically analysed. Growth and floral parameters in variety „Punjab Shingar‟ in terms ofnumber of branches (8.83), flower diameter (6.66 cm) and number of flowers/plant(147.45) were recorded to be the highest with treatment N@ 100kg/ha with plant spacing of 40×60 cm whereas, the highest plant spread (45.28 cm), least days to flower bud initiation (80.83 days) and chlorophyll content (58.83 spad value) was recorded best with treatment of N@ 120kg/ha and planting distance of 40×60 cm. In variety "Ratlam Selection‟, flower diameter (7.71 cm) and number of flowers/plant (123.81) recorded to be the maximum with N@ 100kg/ha with plant spacing of 40×60 cm whereas, plant spread (31.13 cm), branches/plant (7.80), least days for first bud appearance (82.91 days) was recorded highest with N@ 120kg/ha with planting spacing 40×60 cm. The interaction effect of varieties, nitrogen levels and plant spacing also differed significantly. The interaction effect with plant spread (38.20 cm), least days to first flower bud initiation (81.87 days) and highest chlorophyll content (62.57 spad value) was recorded with N@ 120 kg/ha and planting distance of 40×60 cm whereas, the branches/plant (8.13), flower diameter (7.18 cm) and flowers/plant (146.15) was recordedto be highest with the application of N@ 100 kg/ha with planting distance of 40×60 cm. Yield attributes such as flowers number of flowers per plant and weight of flowers per unit area (m2), were recorded to be the highest with treatment N@100kg/ha with plant spacing 40×30 cm. Based on the study, it can be concluded that fertigation level N@ 100kg/ha with planting distance of 40×30 cm was found to be the best combination for production of highest loose flower yield in chrysanthemum.
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Evaluation of different growing media for production of potted chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)
    (Punjab Agricultural University, 2023) Ranveer Kaur; Madhu Bala
    The study entitled “Evaluation of different growing media for production of potted chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) was carried out at Research Farm, Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab during 2021.The objective was to find out the suitable potting media for quality pot production in chrysanthemum using no pinch no stake variety „Yellow Charm‟. The trial was laid out using Completely Randomized Block Design (CRD) with three replications. There were ten different potting media combinations in different propor-tion as T1: Soil+FYM (control), 70:30; T2: Soil+FYM+Perlite, 50:30:20; T3: Soil+Leaf mould+Perlite, 50:30:20; T4: Soil+Vermicompost+Perlite, 50:30:20; T5: Soil+FYM+Cocopeat+Perlite, 50:20 :20: 10 ; T6: Soil+Leaf mould+Cocopeat+Perlite, 50:20:20:10; T7: Soil+Vermicompost+Cocopeat+Perlite, 50:20:20:10; T8: Cocopeat+Leaf mould+Perlite, 50:30:20; T9: Cocopeat+Vermicompost+ perlite, 50:30:20; T10: Cocopeat+FYM+Perlite, 50:30:20. Among different treatment, media combination of Soil+FYM+Perlite (50:30:20) show maximum plant height (12.03) whereas the minimum plant height (10.26) in soil based growing media was recorded in treatment combination of Soil+Vermicompost+Cocopeat+Perlite(50:20:20:10). In soil less, media combination of Cocopeat +Vermi compost+Perlite (50:30:20) also showed the maximum plant height (10.43 cm) and the media combination Cocopeat+Leafmould+Perlite (50:30:20) showed the minimum plant height of 9.70 cm. Soil+Vermicompost+Perlite; 50:30:20, medium produced highest flowers (87.33) with longest flowering duration for flowers remain in presentable form (32.33 days). In soilless media treatment comprising Cocopeat+FYM+Perlite (50:30:20) produced highest number of flowers per plant (78.66) with flowering duration of 32.33 days. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that, media consist of Soil+Vermicompost+Perlite (50:30:20) was found to be the best media combination with regard to highest flowers per plant, early flowering and other improved characters and was found to be the most suitable media for quality pot plant production in chrysanthemum. Whereas, in soil less media Cocopeat+Vermicompost+Perlite (50:30:20) was found to be the best with regard to improved plant height (10.43cm), plant spread (12.93 cm), Number of branches per plant 3.76, Flower diameter (3.77cm) characters.
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Combining ability and heterosis studies in a diallel cross of periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus L.)
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2022) Bolagam Ravikumar; Dhatt, K. K.
    The current investigation entitled "Combining ability and heterosis studies in a diallel cross of periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus L.)" was investigated at the Floriculture Research Farm of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during the years 2019 to 2022. Six inbred lines of periwinkle namely P1 (Vi-15-1), P2 (Vi-13-2), P3 (Vi-16), P4 (Vi-15-2), P5 (Vi-29) and P6 (Vi-14-3) were crossed in full-diallel fashion with an objective of identifying superior cross-combinations for high specific combining ability and qualitative traits and determine the inheritance of flower colour and size. The six inbred lines and their thirty cross combinations were evaluated for plant height, plant spread, number of primary branches per plant, leaf length, leaf breadth, internode length, corolla tube length, days to flowering, duration of flowering, number of flowers per plant, flower diameter, follicle length and number of seeds per follicle in Randomized Block Design and replicated thrice. Analysis of variance was highly significant for all the vegetative and flowering characters indicating presence of genetic variability in the genotypes. The analysis of variance for combining ability was highly significant for growth and flowering characters indicated presence of both additive and non-additive gene actions. The parents P5 (Vi-29) and P1 (Vi-15-1) were recorded preferable GCA effects for most of the traits. These were considered as good general combiners for crossing programmes. The cross combination of Vi-13-2 × Vi-29 had significant positive maximum SCA effects for plant height, plant spread and number of primary branches per plant. The follicle length and number of seeds per follicle were recorded highly significant positive SCA values in the combination of Vi-29 × Vi-14-3. The high significant positive reciprocal effects were recorded for plant height, leaf breadth, number of flowers per plant and number of seeds for follicle in the cross combination of Vi-14-3 × Vi-29. The plant spread, duration of flowering and corolla tube length were shown high significant positive reciprocal results in cross combination of Vi-14-3 × Vi-13-2. The highly significant positive heterobeltiosis was present in the progenies of Vi-29 × Vi-14-3, Vi-13-2 × Vi-29 and Vi-15-1 × Vi-14-3 for most of the studied traits. High to moderate values for phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation were shown for majority of the studied characters, recapitulate the presence of variability. The range of phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variations among the parental lines was 5.35-34.41% and 3.96-34.02%, respectively. The PCV and GCV was 4.14-25.49% and 4.01-24.94% for the cross combinations, respectively. The heritability varied from 46.74-97.77% and 50.62-98.73% for the parental lines and cross combinations, respectively. It indicated that the traits were highly heritable to following generations. The average genetic advance as per cent mean was observed as 8.00-50.21% and 6.03-69.29% among the inbred lines and cross combinations, respectively. The flower colour and size were segregated with 3:1 (monohybrid), 9:3:4 (supplementary gene action), 9:6:1 (polymeric gene action) and 9:3:3:1 (typical dihybrid) in F2 generation of fifteen selected crosses from diallel crosses.