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2016 - 20186
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Subject: Floriculture and Landscaping × End date: 2018 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of botanicals as growth promoter and fusarium wilt suppressor on gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.)
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Patel, Monika; Dubey, R. K.
    The present investigation was conducted on open field grown pot plants of two commercial varieties of gladiolus, White Prosperity and Jacksonville Gold using soil: FYM (2:1) as growing media in Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana from September 2016 to April 2018. The statistical design for conducting the experiment was CRD. Some of the plant species have been reported to possess harmless eco-friendly chemicals that have growth promoting effect. In the present studies, botanicals were prepared from the leaves of five locally available plants viz. Callistemon lanceolatus, Eucalyptus teriticornis, Azadirachta indica, Tagetes erecta, Aegle marmelos at 20 % and 40 % concentrations and were used for treating corms before planting and then up to harvesting of spike. The present investigations were conducted to know the growth promoting and fusarium wilt disease suppressing effects of botanicals. Present studies revealed that all the ten treatments showed significant differences in growth, yield, physiological and biochemical parameters of plants as compared to control. On qualitative phytochemical analysis of botanicals, it was confirmed that, all the botanicals have steroids and flavonoids. Forty percent concentration of botanicals had more growth promoting effect on plants than 20% concentration. All these botanicals suppressed the fusarium wilt disease of gladiolus to a variable extent. Eucalyptus teriticornis was found as best botanical for fusarium wilt disease suppression. On GC-MS analysis of E. tereticornis botanical, two major antifungal compounds (α-phellandrene and viridiflorol) were found. Among all treatments; E. tereticornis, A. indica and C. lanceolatus were found more effective in growth promotion as well as disease suppression than T. erecta and A. marmelos.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Combining ability analysis for growth and flowering characteristics in pansy (Viola × wittrockiana Gams.)
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Ravneet Kaur; Dhatt, K. K.
    The present studies entitled "Combining ability analysis for growth and flowering characteristics in pansy (Viola × wittrockiana Gams.)" were undertaken at the Floriculture Research Farm of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during the year 2015-2018. Eight inbred lines of pansy were selected for crossing in half diallel fashion (8x8) to study the general combining ability effects of the parents and specific combining ability of the crosses. Twenty eight hybrids were grown along with their parents in Randomized block design. The results pertaining to the analysis of variance for experimental design and combining ability were highly significant for all the characters. Based on gca effects of parents, the parents Pa-64-1-5-14, Pa-62-4-12-18, Pa-63-1-7-25 and Pa-32-8-7-6 were best general combiners for most of the traits except stalk length and flower size which can be recommended for use in breeding programme to generate genetic variability in desirable direction. Studies on specific combining ability of the crosses indicated that the cross combinations viz.,Pa-64-1-5-14 × Pa-62-4-12-18, Pa-13-1-2-3 × Pa-47-1-3, Pa-11-1-3-7 × Pa-62-4-12-18, Pa-64-1-5-14 × Pa-63-1-7-25, Pa-11-1-3-7 × Pa-64-1-5-14, Pa-32-8-7-6 × Pa-63-1-7-25, Pa-64-1-5-14 × Pa-32-8-7-6 and Pa-11-1-3-7 × Pa-63-1-7-25 were the best specific combiner for most of the vegetative and floral characters viz., plant height, plant spread, branches number, days to flowering, duration of flowering, flowers per plant and pod setting (%). Combining ability analysis revealed that magnitude of gcavariance was greater than sca variance suggesting the predominance of additive gene action for the characters viz., branch count, flower size, days from bud initiation to flowering and flowers per plant. Specific combining ability (sca)variance was greater than gca variance for most of the characters viz., plant height at first flowering (cm), final plant height, plant spread, final plant spread, stalk length, days to flowering, flowering duration and pod setting (%) which indicated predominance of non-additive gene action in their inheritance and heterosis breeding would be the best option for improvement of these traits. Heterosis revealed that majority of the hybrids exhibited heterobeltiosis and mid-heterosis in desirable direction. The hybrids exhibiting high per se performance also showed high mid-heterosis. The hybrids exhibited heterosis over better parent for plant height, plant spread, branches count, stalk length, days from bud initiation to flowering, days to flowering, duration of flowering, flowers per plant were Pa-64-1-5-14 × Pa-63-1-7-25 , Pa-11-1-3-7 × Pa-47-1-3, Pa-32-8-7-6 × Pa-47-1-3, Pa-13-1-2-3 × Pa-47-1-3, Pa-11-1-3-7 × Pa-32-8-7-6, Pa-64-1-5-14 × Pa-32-8-7-6 and Pa-64-1-5-14 × Pa-62-4-12-18. High estimates of PCV and GCV were recorded indicating sufficient variability in the germplasm for most of the characters. PCV and GCV showed a range of variation from 14.25% to 67.50% and 14.10% to 67.29% respectively.High estimates of heritability ranges between 83.55% to 99.37% were obtained for different analysed characters and indicate that though the character was least influenced by the environmental effects. The estimates of genetic advance were varied from 2.25% to 336.80% and from 28.73% to 138.17% for genetic advance as % of mean. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance for the characters viz., number of flowers per plant, branch count and days from bud initiation to flowering were recorded and suggested the role of additive gene action in the inheritance of these characters. Hence, simple selection based on phenotypic performance of these traits would be more effective. The estimates of phenotypic and genotypic correlation revealed that flowers per plant was strongly and positively associated with the characters namely number of branches per plant, plant spread, final plant spread, final plant height and duration of flowering at phenotypic and genotypic level. The result of analysis of variance for F₂ indicated that mean sum of squares due to genotypes were highly significant for all the traits studied. PCV was higher than those of GCV for all the traits which indicated greater genotype x environment interactions for the expression of these characters. The estimates of heritability were more than 72.43 percent for all the characters studied for F₂ genotypes. High heritability along with high genetic advance as % of mean for F₂ population were observed for number of flowers per plant, number of branches per plant and days from bud initiation to flowering hence, amenable for simple selection. The different expected ratios were obtained among twenty eight cross combination of F₂ population of pansy for the inheritance of the flower colour.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Flowering response of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) genotypes to different photoperiods and quality of light
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Ranjit Singh; Madhu Bala
    The present investigations entitled “Flowering response of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) genotypes to different photoperiods and quality of light” were carried out at the Research Farm, Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, during 2015-18. The experiments were conducted to study the response of standard and spray genotypes to artificial short day conditions. The plants were raised through the rooting of terminal cuttings during February-March and the plants were given short day treatment as night extension using black polythene (100 micron) sheet from civil twilight in the morning to 9 O’clock. The maximum plant height (85.33 cm and 86.00 cm) and plant spread (19.33 cm and 18.67 cm) was exhibited by Boris Becker while number of branches were recorded maximum (5.00 and 5.00) in Punjab Shyamli for both the years. The leaf area index, leaf weight ratio and number of stomata per unit area were not affected significantly. Days to flower bud appearance were recorded minimum (108 and 107.65) in two genotypes viz. Yellow Delight followed by Banglori Local (117 and 110), accordingly early flowering was observed in these genotypes, showing good tolerance towards heat delay. Similar trend was recorded in standard types but none of the genotypes was able to flower early in response to artificial short days. In second experiment different sources of light viz. incandescent bulbs, CFL and LED as night break were used, from 15th August to 31st October, from 10.00 pm to 12.00 midnight to provide long days. Plant spread (25.73 cm and 26.65 cm), days to flower bud appearance (148.34 and 149.25), days to flowering (178.10 and 180.10), flower size (6.85 cm and 7.13 cm) and vase life (12.27 days and 12.55 days) were recorded maximum with LED sources of light as compared to incandescent and CFL. Similarly another experiment was conducted by providing long days with the help of LED lights of red, blue and green colour to investigate the effect of colours of light for night break treatment. The genotypes under red lights exhibited maximum (66.83 cm) plant height, plant spread (18.02 cm), days to bud appearance (142.93 days), days to flowering (170.08 days), flower size (6.69 cm), duration of flowering (31.95 days) whereas stem diameter and vase life was recorded maximum (5.80 mm and 11.27 days, respectively) under blue light. Green lights have resulted in increased content of carotenoids over red and blue LED lights. Similar trend was observed in genotype of standard group. It is thus concluded that the genotypes viz. Yellow Delight and Banglori Local among spray type were suitable for year round flower production as they have exhibited tolerance against heat delay. Among the different sources and colours of light, light emitting diodes (LED) with red colour light were found suitable for effective photoperiodic control for growth and flowering in Chrysanthemum.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of growth regulators on in vivo budding in roses (Rosa hybrida L.)
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Prabhjit Kaur; Grewal, H.S.
    The present investigations entitled “Effect of growth regulators on in vivo budding in roses (Rosa hybrida L.)” were carried out on the Research Farm, Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, during 2014-16. The experiments were conducted to study the effect of auxin on the rooting of the budded cuttings and cytokinin on bud take in Rosa hybrida L. in two different cultivars, viz. First Red and Grand Gala. The mature shoots (>1 yr old) of rootstocks, viz. R. indica var. odorata, R. multiflora and R. bourboniana were used for making the stem cuttings. In Experiment I, rootstock cuttings (8-9 inches long, pencil thickness) were treated with different concentrations of IBA for rooting and budded with the scion of rose cvs. First Red and Grand Gala in December- February. In Experiment II, the rootstock cuttings were treated with IBA 1500 mg L-1 for rooting and budded with the scion of rose cvs. First Red and Grand Gala after treating with BAP concentrations in December- February. The type of rootstock and growth regulators treatments significantly (p<0.05) affected the plant growth and flowering of two rose cultivars. The per cent sprouting, survival, shoot length, plant height, number of leaves and flowers per plant were observed the highest in rootstock R. indica var. odorata, whereas, per cent rooting and number of branches were at par in R. indica var. odorata and R. multiflora. The IBA treatment T4 (2000 mg L-1) was found the best regarding per cent sprouting (85.00, 81.67) and rooting of cuttings (91.67, 96.67) survival (68.34, 65.00), shoot length (13.64 cm, 16.29 cm), plant height (20.60, 20.66 cm), number of branches (3.20, 2.84), leaves (9.61, 10.94) and flowers per plant (3.08, 2.07) in rose cv. First Red and Grand Gala, respectively. The best BAP treatment for per cent sprouting (91.66, 88.34), survival (86.67, 86.67), shoot length (15.01 cm, 17.94 cm), plant height (23.01 cm, 24.15 cm), number of branches (3.53, 3.39), leaves (9.95, 11.31) and flowers per plant (2.21, 2.50) was in T4 (BAP 20 mg L-1) in rose cv. First Red and Grand Gala, respectively. It was concluded that the rootstock R. indica var. odorata performed better for First Red and Grand Gala among the different rootstocks tested. The auxin and cytokinin improved the vegetative growth and flowering of the rose plants. The treatment of cuttings with IBA @ 2000 mg L-1 and scion bud with BAP @ 20 mg L-1 were the best for the plant growth and flowering of cv. First Red and Grand Gala budded on R. indica var. odorata rootstock.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Induction of mutagenesis in gladiolus through gamma irradiation
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Dogra, Neha; Dhatt, K. K.
    The present investigations entitled “Induction of mutagenesis in gladiolus through gamma irradiation” was undertaken at research farm, Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, during 2014-17. The experiments were conducted to induce variability in gladiolus through gamma irradiation under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The corms of gladiolus variety ‘Punjab Glance’ and ‘Sylvia’ were irradiated with different doses (0, 50,100,125,150 Gy) of gamma rays and planted in October at a spacing of 30x20 cm. The maximum survival per cent, sprouting per cent, plant survival, plant height and leaf number were reported to decrease with the increase in gamma rays dose above 100 Gy. The corms of ‘Punjab Glance’ treated with lowest dose at 50 Gy sprouted after 15.29 days and the same variety at 150 Gy took 23.15 days to sprouting. Maximum spike lengths, florets per spike, floret size were recorded in corms treated with 50 Gy. The shortest spikes with lowest number of florets in small size were recorded at 150 Gy. The corm multiplication in terms of corm and cormels per plant was found to reduce with increased dose of gamma rays. The leaf abnormalities were observed in terms of changes in leaf shape, leaf size, and leaf margin and leaf apex. Total abnormalities in floral characters were higher in 150 Gy. Treatment of corms at 100 Gy resulted in bud fasciation and asymmetrical development of spike in both the varieties. Five mutants were isolated from variety ‘Punjab Glance’ for flower colour under in vivo treatment, one at 100 Gy, two at 125 Gy and two at 150 Gy. The nodal buds of both varieties were raised in MS medium and bud clumps were irradiated with different doses of gamma rays (Co60) 0, 5, 8, 10 and 12 Gy. Irradiated explants were then cultured aseptically on MS basal medium supplemented with 5 mg/l (BAP) + 2mg/l (IBA) and agar-agar to induce shoot and root proliferation. It took 14.27 days for shoot formation, 15.10 days for root and 62.33 days for cormel development at 8 Gy dose. The maximum shoot length (6.19 cm), root length (8.01 cm) and maximum number of shoots and roots per callus were recorded at 8 Gy dose. The gamma rays doses of 5 and 8 Gy were found to be optimum for the induction of mutagenesis under in vitro in gladiolus variety ‘Punjab Glance’ and ‘Sylvia’ with respect to plant sprouting and survival of plant raised from cormels. The cormels raised through in vitro after gamma irradiation were planted in the field and evaluated for morphological parameters. One cormel produced small cormlets within 60 days in both varieties. This study developed a mutagenesis protocol that could be used to develop novel colour mutants in gladiolus.
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Effect of photoperiod, nitrogen and growing media on morphological development of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Thakur, Tanya; Grewal, H.S.
    The present investigations entitled “Effect of photoperiod, nitrogen and growing media on morphological development of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)” were undertaken at Research Farm, Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, during 2014-16 to study the effect of photoperiod, nitrogen and growing media on plant growth and flowering of Chrysanthemum cultivars Kikiobiory, Snowball (standard) and Anmol (spray). The terminal cuttings taken from mother stock plants were rooted with treatment of IBA 400mg/l in burnt rice husk/sand in June-July. The rooted cuttings were transplanted individually in July-August in the earthen/ plastic pots filled with mixture of soil and FYM (2:1) in Experiment I and II, whereas, in Experiment III, the rooted cuttings were transplanted in different potting media as per the treatments. The photoperiodic treatments (night interruption), nitrogen dose (urea) and growing media compositions significantly (p<0.05) affected the plant growth and flowering in all the three Chrysanthemum cultivars. The vegetative growth i.e. plant height (90.42, 94.64 and 64.49 cm), number of primary branches (3.20), leaves (34.75, 32.24 and 77.44) and root suckers (12.10, 12.01 and 12.85) per plant increased, whereas, time of flowering (202.25, 108.57 and 201.84 days) was delayed with increase in duration of photoperiodic night interruption (NI) from <5 sec. to 120 min. in cv. Kikiobiory, Snowball and Anmol, respectively. In cv. Snowball, NI of more than <5 sec. completely inhibited flower bud appearance, resulting in rosette formation of leaves. Likewise, the plant height (75.47, 73.03 and 44.80 cm), number of primary branches (3.03), leaves (30.92, 31.02 and 82.16, ) and root suckers (11.47, 12.10 and 17.67) per plant increased significantly, whereas, time of flowering (144.87, 115.28 and 145.14 days) was delayed with increase in nitrogen dose (urea) from 100 to 500 mg/pot in cv. Kikiobiory, Snowball and Anmol, respectively. The flower diameter, number of flowers per plant and nitrogen content of plants significantly increased, whereas, duration of flowering was reduced with increase in duration of NI and nitrogen application in all the three cultivars. Among the growing media, the plant height (68.64, 70 and 41.80 cm) number of primary branches (2.22), leaves (30.90, 31.16 and 65.24) and root suckers (12.51, 12.10 and 12.43) flowers (71.50) per plant increased, whereas, flowering time (149.86, 116.34, and 144.96 days) was delayed in the media supplemented with cocopeat with maximum in cocopeat + FYM (2:1) in cv. Kikiobiory, Snowball and Anmol, respectively. The flower quality i.e. flower diameter and duration of flowering improved in the media supplemented with vermiculite and the maximum was observed in vermiculite + FYM (2:1). Therefore, in chrysanthemum, sustained flower pot production with better growth and flower quality could be achieved with 60 min. of night interruption and use of light weight media i.e. cocopeat + vermiculite + FYM (1:1:1) with application of 300 mg/pot urea twice at interval of three weeks.