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ThesisItem Open Access Breeding and Evaluation of Hybrid Seedlings of Chrysanthemum for Pot Culture(Department of floriculture and Landscaping College of Agricultue PAU, Ludhiana, 2000) Sheela, J. SathyaThesisItem Open Access Effect of environment and nitorgen levels on the grwoth, flower adn bulb productionof iris (I. Hollandica)(Department of floriculture and Landscaping College of Agricultue PAU, Ludhiana, 2001) Shairy; Arora, J. SThesisItem Restricted Breeding of hybrid roses for green house cultivation(Department of floriculture and Landscaping College of Agricultue PAU, Ludhiana, 2001) Singh, Vikash Kumar; Arora, J.L J.LThesisItem Open Access Effect of potting media on the growth of pot plants(Department of floriculture and Landscaping College of Agricultue PAU, Ludhiana, 2000) Dhir, Ritu; Grewal, H. SThesisItem Open Access Weed Management in Lawn (Cynodon dactylon L.) Calcutta grass var. Sel-1(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Amrinder Singh; Dubey, R. K.Field experiment was conducted in the established lawn of PAU landscape nursery, Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during March to December 2017 to manage the sedge and broad leaf weeds in lawn. The experimental plot comprised of (Cynodon dactylon L.) Calcutta grass var. Sel-1. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) having eight treatments with three replications. The treatments were 2,4-D amine at 580 g ha-1, metsulfuron methyl + chlorimuron ethyl at 4 g ha-1, halosulfuron at 67.5 g ha-1, metsulfuron at 5 g ha-1, carfentrazone ethyl at 20 g ha-1, metsulfuron methyl + carfentrazone ethyl at 25 g ha-1, four hand weedings at 15 days interval and unweeded control. The predominant weed species noticed at experiment site were Anagalis arvensis, Coronopus didymus, Convolvulus arvensis, Malva parviflora, Medicago denticulata, Euphorbia microphylla, Melilotus indica, Rumex dentatus, Amaranthus viridis, Chenopodium album, Gomphrena celosioides, Phyllanthus niruri, Celosia argentea, Parthenium hysterophorus, Ageratum conyzoides, Bidens pilosa, Alternanthera philoxeroides,Euphorbia hirta, Oxalis martiana as broadleaf weeds and Cyperus rotundus as sedge.The results indicated that the number of sedge and broad leaf weeds were found to be significantly more in unweeded control. Among herbicide treatments, density of broad leaf weeds decreased to a greater extent in 2, 4-D amine at 580 g ha-1. Halosulfuron at 67.5 g ha-1 decreased weed density of sedge drastically as compared to other herbicides. The weed control efficiency recorded highest in hand weeding at every 15 days interval. Among the herbicides, 2, 4-D amine at 580 g ha-1 was recorded higher weed control efficiency and lower dry matter of weeds compared to other herbicide treatments in case of broadleaf weeds. Halosulfuron at 67.5 g ha-1 recorded the highest weed control efficiency and the lowest dry matter of sedge compared to other herbicide treatments. The nutrient uptake by weeds was higher in unweeded control as compared to all other treatments. The nutrient uptake by weeds was lower in 2, 4-D amine at 580 g ha-1 followed by metsulfuron methyl + carfentrazone ethyl at 25 g ha-1. Among the herbicide treatments saving in weeding cost over hand weeding (Rs.16755 ha-1) was recorded in 2,4-D amine at 580 g ha-1 which is performed significantly better than other herbicide treatments for control of broadleaf weeds. Saving in weeding cost over hand weeding (Rs.12605 ha-1) was recorded in halosulfuron at 67.5 g ha-1 which is performed significantly better than other herbicide treatments for control of sedge (Cyperus rotundus). So, 2, 4-D amine at 580 g ha-1 and halosulfuron at 67.5 g ha-1 were effective herbicides for management of broad leaf weeds and sedge in lawn respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of growth regulators and chemicals on plant growth and cormels production of gladiolus(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Harmanpreet Kaur; Dhatt, K.K.The present investigations entitled “Effect of growth regulators and chemicals on plant growth and cormels production of gladiolus” were undertaken in the experimental field area of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, during 2017- 2018. The cormels of two varieties of gladiolus namely Punjab Glad-1 and Punjab Pink Elegance were treated with GA3 (150 and 200 ppm), BA (100 and 125 ppm), SA (100 and 150 ppm), Thiourea (1000 and 1500 ppm), KNO3 (1.5 and 2.5 %), Ethrel (250 ppm) and combinations of Thiourea and KNO3 as pre planting dip treatment for 12 hours. The analysis of variance was conducted as per Randomized Block Design. The minimum time to sprouting was recorded with GA3 200 ppm in Punjab Glad-1 (9.57 days) and Punjab Pink Elegance (10.44 days). The maximum sprouting percentage was recorded with GA3 200 ppm in Punjab Glad-1 (97.94 %) and Punjab Pink Elegance (98.81 %). In Punjab Glad-1, maximum plant height (30.72 cm), leaf length (29.18 cm), leaf width (1.05 cm), leaf area (22.98 cm2) and number of leaves per plant (4.48) was recorded under GA3 200 ppm. Similarly, in Punjab Pink Elegance maximum plant height (31.74 cm), leaf length (30.33 cm), leaf width (0.97 cm), leaf area (22.27 cm2) and number of leaves per plant (5.00). The maximum size of cormel was recorded in variety Punjab Glad-1 (2.10 cm) and increase in size was 4.20 times of the initial cormel size when treated with GA3 200 ppm. In variety Punjab Pink Elegance, maximum cormel size was recorded with GA3 200 ppm (2.12 cm) with 4.23 times increase in size of cormel. The maximum cormel weight was recorded with GA3 200 ppm (9.38 g) in Punjab Glad-1 and (9.38 g) in Punjab Pink Elegance.ThesisItem Restricted Studies on genetic variability in open cultivated Hybrid Tea roses (Rosa hybrida L.)(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Jobanpeet Singh; Grewal, H.S.The present studies entitled, “Studies on genetic variability in open cultivated Hybrid Tea roses (Rosa hybrida L.)” were carried out at the Research Farm, Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during the year 2016-2018. The 20 cultivars of Hybrid Tea had been evaluated to find out the genetic variability among the different vegetative and floral traits in open field condition. The cultivar ‘Taj Mahal’ ‘Snehdare’ and ‘Acapella’ produced large size of flower with good stem length and vase life whereas, the cultivars ‘Netajee’, ‘Ace of Heart’, ‘Modern Art’ and ‘Acapella’ formed less number of thorns making their suitability for cut flower purpose. The highest value of Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV) was obtained for number of flowering stems (52.32 %) followed by thorn density (39.80 %), pollen viability (31.46 %) and number of shoots (28.25 %) whereas, moderate value observed for flower size (10.54 %), days to opening of flower (15.94 %), days to colour development (17.41 %) and days to bud formation (18.14 %). The highest value of Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV) was obtained for number of flowering stems (57.88 %) followed by thorn density (45.16 %), pollen viability (36.61 %) and number of shoots (34.70%), whereas moderate value of PCV observed for flower size (15.31 %) and days to opening of flower (19.74 %). The estimates of PCV were higher than the corresponding GCV values for all the traits indicated the influence of environment in the expression of these traits. The highest estimate of heritability (h2) was observed for plant height (82.69 %) followed by thorn density (82.67 %), number of flowering stems (81.71 %) and vase life (81.17 %) whereas, the highest genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded for number of flowering stems (97.37 %) followed by and thorn density (72.05 %). The high estimation of heritability (h2) was coupled with high genetic advance for number of flowering stems and thorn density per 10 cm of stem indicating them as important traits for selection process.ThesisItem Open Access Morphological variability and DUS characterization of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) genotypes for pot culture(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Kaushal, Shweta; Madhu BalaThe present investigations entitled “Morphological variability and DUS characterization of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) genotypes for pot culture‟‟ were carried out at Research Farm, Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab during 2017-2018 to study the morphological variability and DUS characterization of fifteen genotypes namely Anmol, Arka Kirti, Autumn Eyes, Bidhan Mum, Bindiya, Dark Eyes, Dolly Pink, Gul-e-Sahir, Himanshu, Little Pink, Puncho, Punjab Anuradha , Pusa Aditya , Pusa Chitraksha, White Staphour of chrysanthemum in Completely Randomized Block Design (CRD). Significantly maximum plant height (57.25 cm) and flower diameter (8.19 cm) was recorded in cv. White Staphour while the minimum plant height (20.19 cm) was recorded in cv. Bindiya and the minimum flower diameter was recorded in cv. Dolly Pink (3.50 cm). The maximum number of branches (9.78) and number of flowers (106.89) were recorded in cv. Anmol whereas, the minimum branches (3.88) and flower number (24.98) were observed in cv. Bindiya. Cultivar Puncho exhibited the maximum plant spread (54.78 cm) while the minimum was recorded in cv. Bidhan Mum (28.99 cm). The minimum days to first flower bud appearance (71.00 days), days to colour shown stage (87.00 days) and days to flower opening (95.00 days) were recorded in cv. Punjab Anuradha whereas the maximum days to first flower bud appearance (112.00 days), colour shown stage (128.00 days) and flower opening (136.00 days) were recorded in cv. Anmol. Flowering duration was found to be maximum (29.21 days) in cv. Anmol while minimum (23.55 days) was found in cv. Himanshu. Cultivar Anmol exhibited vegetative phase for 15.47 weeks while cv. Punjab Anuradha found to have vegetative phase for 9.14 weeks. On the basis of maturity cv. Punjab Anuradha was early maturing variety (9.14 weeks) whereas cv. Anmol was the late maturing (15.47 weeks) among all the genotypes under study. All the fifteen genotypes were morphologically characterized according to DUS guidelines given by PPV & FRA.ThesisItem Restricted Studies on the effect of drip irrigation and fertigation on African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.)(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Vashista, Nishtha; Parminder SinghThe study entitled “Studies on the effect of drip irrigation and fertigation on African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.)” was carried out in Rabi season of 2017 and 2018 at Research Farm, Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab. The overall objective of the study is to standardize the water and nitrogen requirement through drip irrigation for better flower yield in African marigold. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications to study the effect of irrigation (1.2 ETc, 1.0 ETc, 0.8 ETc, 0.6 ETc and flood irrigation) and fertigation with (WSF @ 60% RDF, 80% RDF, 100% RDF) on African marigold. The data on growth, floral and yield attributes were recorded and statistically analysed. Growth parameters in terms of plant height, plant spread, stem diameter, number of branches, size of flower were recorded higher with treatment combination of I0N3 (Flood irrigation with fertilizer application with urea @ 100% RDF) for both the years 2017 and 2018. Yield attributes such as number of flowers per plant, number of flowers per unit area (m2), flower weight per plant were recorded best with treatment combination of I3N3 (1.0 ETc + fertigation with WSF @ 100% RDF) for years 2017 and 2018.
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