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Thesis

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2016 - 20173
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Subject: Floriculture and Landscaping × End date: 2017 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of growth regulators on in vivo budding in roses (Rosa hybrida L.)
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Prabhjit Kaur; Grewal, H.S.
    The present investigations entitled “Effect of growth regulators on in vivo budding in roses (Rosa hybrida L.)” were carried out on the Research Farm, Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, during 2014-16. The experiments were conducted to study the effect of auxin on the rooting of the budded cuttings and cytokinin on bud take in Rosa hybrida L. in two different cultivars, viz. First Red and Grand Gala. The mature shoots (>1 yr old) of rootstocks, viz. R. indica var. odorata, R. multiflora and R. bourboniana were used for making the stem cuttings. In Experiment I, rootstock cuttings (8-9 inches long, pencil thickness) were treated with different concentrations of IBA for rooting and budded with the scion of rose cvs. First Red and Grand Gala in December- February. In Experiment II, the rootstock cuttings were treated with IBA 1500 mg L-1 for rooting and budded with the scion of rose cvs. First Red and Grand Gala after treating with BAP concentrations in December- February. The type of rootstock and growth regulators treatments significantly (p<0.05) affected the plant growth and flowering of two rose cultivars. The per cent sprouting, survival, shoot length, plant height, number of leaves and flowers per plant were observed the highest in rootstock R. indica var. odorata, whereas, per cent rooting and number of branches were at par in R. indica var. odorata and R. multiflora. The IBA treatment T4 (2000 mg L-1) was found the best regarding per cent sprouting (85.00, 81.67) and rooting of cuttings (91.67, 96.67) survival (68.34, 65.00), shoot length (13.64 cm, 16.29 cm), plant height (20.60, 20.66 cm), number of branches (3.20, 2.84), leaves (9.61, 10.94) and flowers per plant (3.08, 2.07) in rose cv. First Red and Grand Gala, respectively. The best BAP treatment for per cent sprouting (91.66, 88.34), survival (86.67, 86.67), shoot length (15.01 cm, 17.94 cm), plant height (23.01 cm, 24.15 cm), number of branches (3.53, 3.39), leaves (9.95, 11.31) and flowers per plant (2.21, 2.50) was in T4 (BAP 20 mg L-1) in rose cv. First Red and Grand Gala, respectively. It was concluded that the rootstock R. indica var. odorata performed better for First Red and Grand Gala among the different rootstocks tested. The auxin and cytokinin improved the vegetative growth and flowering of the rose plants. The treatment of cuttings with IBA @ 2000 mg L-1 and scion bud with BAP @ 20 mg L-1 were the best for the plant growth and flowering of cv. First Red and Grand Gala budded on R. indica var. odorata rootstock.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Induction of mutagenesis in gladiolus through gamma irradiation
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Dogra, Neha; Dhatt, K. K.
    The present investigations entitled “Induction of mutagenesis in gladiolus through gamma irradiation” was undertaken at research farm, Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, during 2014-17. The experiments were conducted to induce variability in gladiolus through gamma irradiation under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The corms of gladiolus variety ‘Punjab Glance’ and ‘Sylvia’ were irradiated with different doses (0, 50,100,125,150 Gy) of gamma rays and planted in October at a spacing of 30x20 cm. The maximum survival per cent, sprouting per cent, plant survival, plant height and leaf number were reported to decrease with the increase in gamma rays dose above 100 Gy. The corms of ‘Punjab Glance’ treated with lowest dose at 50 Gy sprouted after 15.29 days and the same variety at 150 Gy took 23.15 days to sprouting. Maximum spike lengths, florets per spike, floret size were recorded in corms treated with 50 Gy. The shortest spikes with lowest number of florets in small size were recorded at 150 Gy. The corm multiplication in terms of corm and cormels per plant was found to reduce with increased dose of gamma rays. The leaf abnormalities were observed in terms of changes in leaf shape, leaf size, and leaf margin and leaf apex. Total abnormalities in floral characters were higher in 150 Gy. Treatment of corms at 100 Gy resulted in bud fasciation and asymmetrical development of spike in both the varieties. Five mutants were isolated from variety ‘Punjab Glance’ for flower colour under in vivo treatment, one at 100 Gy, two at 125 Gy and two at 150 Gy. The nodal buds of both varieties were raised in MS medium and bud clumps were irradiated with different doses of gamma rays (Co60) 0, 5, 8, 10 and 12 Gy. Irradiated explants were then cultured aseptically on MS basal medium supplemented with 5 mg/l (BAP) + 2mg/l (IBA) and agar-agar to induce shoot and root proliferation. It took 14.27 days for shoot formation, 15.10 days for root and 62.33 days for cormel development at 8 Gy dose. The maximum shoot length (6.19 cm), root length (8.01 cm) and maximum number of shoots and roots per callus were recorded at 8 Gy dose. The gamma rays doses of 5 and 8 Gy were found to be optimum for the induction of mutagenesis under in vitro in gladiolus variety ‘Punjab Glance’ and ‘Sylvia’ with respect to plant sprouting and survival of plant raised from cormels. The cormels raised through in vitro after gamma irradiation were planted in the field and evaluated for morphological parameters. One cormel produced small cormlets within 60 days in both varieties. This study developed a mutagenesis protocol that could be used to develop novel colour mutants in gladiolus.
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Effect of photoperiod, nitrogen and growing media on morphological development of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Thakur, Tanya; Grewal, H.S.
    The present investigations entitled “Effect of photoperiod, nitrogen and growing media on morphological development of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)” were undertaken at Research Farm, Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, during 2014-16 to study the effect of photoperiod, nitrogen and growing media on plant growth and flowering of Chrysanthemum cultivars Kikiobiory, Snowball (standard) and Anmol (spray). The terminal cuttings taken from mother stock plants were rooted with treatment of IBA 400mg/l in burnt rice husk/sand in June-July. The rooted cuttings were transplanted individually in July-August in the earthen/ plastic pots filled with mixture of soil and FYM (2:1) in Experiment I and II, whereas, in Experiment III, the rooted cuttings were transplanted in different potting media as per the treatments. The photoperiodic treatments (night interruption), nitrogen dose (urea) and growing media compositions significantly (p<0.05) affected the plant growth and flowering in all the three Chrysanthemum cultivars. The vegetative growth i.e. plant height (90.42, 94.64 and 64.49 cm), number of primary branches (3.20), leaves (34.75, 32.24 and 77.44) and root suckers (12.10, 12.01 and 12.85) per plant increased, whereas, time of flowering (202.25, 108.57 and 201.84 days) was delayed with increase in duration of photoperiodic night interruption (NI) from <5 sec. to 120 min. in cv. Kikiobiory, Snowball and Anmol, respectively. In cv. Snowball, NI of more than <5 sec. completely inhibited flower bud appearance, resulting in rosette formation of leaves. Likewise, the plant height (75.47, 73.03 and 44.80 cm), number of primary branches (3.03), leaves (30.92, 31.02 and 82.16, ) and root suckers (11.47, 12.10 and 17.67) per plant increased significantly, whereas, time of flowering (144.87, 115.28 and 145.14 days) was delayed with increase in nitrogen dose (urea) from 100 to 500 mg/pot in cv. Kikiobiory, Snowball and Anmol, respectively. The flower diameter, number of flowers per plant and nitrogen content of plants significantly increased, whereas, duration of flowering was reduced with increase in duration of NI and nitrogen application in all the three cultivars. Among the growing media, the plant height (68.64, 70 and 41.80 cm) number of primary branches (2.22), leaves (30.90, 31.16 and 65.24) and root suckers (12.51, 12.10 and 12.43) flowers (71.50) per plant increased, whereas, flowering time (149.86, 116.34, and 144.96 days) was delayed in the media supplemented with cocopeat with maximum in cocopeat + FYM (2:1) in cv. Kikiobiory, Snowball and Anmol, respectively. The flower quality i.e. flower diameter and duration of flowering improved in the media supplemented with vermiculite and the maximum was observed in vermiculite + FYM (2:1). Therefore, in chrysanthemum, sustained flower pot production with better growth and flower quality could be achieved with 60 min. of night interruption and use of light weight media i.e. cocopeat + vermiculite + FYM (1:1:1) with application of 300 mg/pot urea twice at interval of three weeks.