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ThesisItem Open Access Effect of nitrogen and farmyard manure on growth and production of flowers in African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.)(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2020) Beher, Vishu Kumar; Parminder Singh“Effect of nitrogen and farmyard manure on growth and production of flowers in African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.)” was conducted at Research Farm of Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during 2016-17. The present investigation aims to determine the optimum dose of nitrogen in combination with FYM as an integrated approach which might improve quality and productivity of marigold. The experiment was laid out split plot design during the kharif season. Three levels (0, 10 & 20 t/ha) of FYM were applied as main plot treatments and three levels (90, 120 & 150 kg/ha) of nitrogen each applied in two (4 & 8 WAP) and three splits (3, 6 & 9 WAP) as sub plot treatments thereby making total 18 treatments. Application of N and FYM showed significant improvement in growth as well as floral attributes like plant height, plant spread, number of branches, number of flowers per plant, number of flowers per unit area and flower weight. The use of FYM along with specified dose of Nitrogen resulted in higher number of flowers as the growth attributes specifically Plant Spread & No. of branches/plant showed best results with treatment combination F2N3 (FYM@ 20 t/ha + N @ 150 kg/ha) and F1N2 (FYM@ 10 t/ha + N @ 120 kg/ha) respectively. Application of FYM along with N was found superior over only inorganic source of N as the maximum No. of flowers per plant and per unit area were produced when applied with F2N3 (FYM @ 20 t/ha + N @ 90 kg/ha). The maximum number of flowers per plant (92.93) & per unit area (516.27) were obtained in F2N1S1 (FYM @ 20 t/ha + N @ 90 kg/ha; N being applied in two splits) which was at par with the treatments F2N3S2 (FYM @ 20 t/ha + N @ 150 kg/ha; N being applied in three splits) and F2N2S2 (FYM @ 20 t/ha + N @ 120 kg/ha; N being applied in three splits). The parameters such as plant height, plant spread, number of branches and flower weight revealed significantly better growth with application of FYM. The use of FYM increased the flower weight, number of flowers, thereby enhancing the total yield of crop. It is thus concluded that the combination F2N1S1 (FYM @ 20 t/ha + N @ 90 kg/ha; N being applied in two splits) can be preferred for getting higher yield of quality flowers with greater economic efficiency.
