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ThesisItem Open Access Design and Development of A Tractor Mounted Air-Assisted Sprayer for Cotton(College of Agricultural Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, 2005) Kumar Singh, Shashi; Singh, SurendraThesisItem Restricted Development and evaluation of vertical disc type vegetable transplanter for cell type nursery(2018) Bhambota, Shiva; Dixit, A.K.A tractor operated semi-automatic two row vegetable transplanter using plug type nursery was developed. The machine released the seedlings close to the ground in near vertical position without any damage. Coco-peat, vermiculite and perlite in the ratio of 3:1:1 on volume basis (M1) and another media recommended by Punjab Agricultural University (M2), the contents of which are not yet in public domain were studied. The cell volume of the three cells (C) studied were: 63.8 cm3 (C1), 18.70 cm3 (C2), and 16.28 cm3 (C3). Higher values of all the plant growth parameters were observed in cell size C1 as compared to cell size C2 and C3 which had non-significant differences, for the same media and seedling age. Higher values of all the plant growth parameters were observed for media M2 as compared to media M1 at all stages of growth for all cell sizes. The effect of media, however, varied with the crop as well as the plant growth parameter. Plucking rating was highest in lowest cell size (C3) with media (M2) at higher stage of plant growth. Nursery used for field evaluation of all the crops studied was grown in with media M2 in cells C3. Plant missing and heart rate increased with increase in feed rate for all the subjects. However, the effect of cell size (C) on plant missing and heart rate was non-significant. Plant missing and plant doublings in both the field conditions (i.e. with or without raised bed) were similar which increased with increase in forward speed for all the crops studied. The plant missing on raised beds, in the range of forward speeds studied (1.00 km/h to 1.50 km/h), were: 3.70% to 28.40%, 0.0% to 13.73% and 0.0 % to 2.80% in case of tomato, brinjal and chilli respectively. Plant doubling in the field with raised bed was observed only at speed of 1.50 km/h which were: 7.41% and 2.33% in case of tomato and brinjal respectively. No plant missing or doubling was observed in case of chili even at forward speed of 1.50 km/h. All the plants transplanted were erect (plant inclination less than 30o) at average depth of planting ranging from 4.0 cm to 7.0 cm. for all the crops and field conditions studied. No plant mortality was observed for the crops transplanted with the machine. Estimated field capacity of the machine was 0.103 ha/h, 0.126 ha/h, and 0.152 ha/h for tomato, brinjal, and chili respectively at the recommended forward speed of 1.00 km/h, 1.25 km/h, and 1.50 km/h respectively for these crops. Savings in labour and transplanting cost was 84.71% to 86.20% and 24.07% to 31.46% respectively, as compared to manual method.ThesisItem Open Access Development and Evaluation of Tractor Operated Header for Cotton Harvesting(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Mishra, Pramod Kumar; Manjeet SinghA conceptual design of 3 row finger type cotton header was done by keeping in view the harvesting of locally grown cotton varieties and regional agronomic practices. Tractor operated cotton header was developed and fabricated in collaboration with industry. Based upon review, important design and operational parameters of as finger type cotton header such as finger length, finger spacing, finger angle and forward speed were selected for the study. Field evaluation data was collected for different dependent parameters selected for the study i.e. picking capacity, field capacity, picking efficiency and losses. There was significant effect of forward speed on picking capacity and field capacity for both of the varieties i.e. RCH-773 and F-2383. Maximum picking capacity was 1865.01 and 559.50 kg/h found at combination of 600 mm (FL2), 16 mm (FS1), 12 degree (A1) and 4.5 km/h (S2) for both the varieties i.e. RCH-773 and F-2383 respectively. There was significant effect of finger spacing on picking efficiency and losses for both the varieties i.e. RCH-773 and F-2383. Minimum losses were 3.54 and 5.11 % found at combination of 700 mm (FL1), 16 mm (FS1), 15 degree (A2) and 2.63 km/h (S1) for both the varieties i.e. RCH-773 and F-2383 respectively. The best combination of independent parameters for the machine was found with 700 mm finger length (FL1), 16 mm finger spacing (FS1), 15 degree finger angle (A2) and 4.5 km/h forward speed (S2). Trash content either on seed cotton or lint basis was minimum for boll crusher + pre cleaner method of cleaning which was even lesser than the trash content for cotton picked manually. Based upon the fibre quality parameters of harvested cotton cleaned by boll crusher + pre cleaner machine was of inferior quality but cotton cleaned by boll crusher machine was of superior quality. Harvesting done by cotton stripper using old tractor as well for new tractor can save cost upto 58.2 and 55.2 % respectively as compared to the hand picking.ThesisItem Open Access Ergonomic Studies On Agricultural Workers Performing Selected Farm Operations In Cotton Crop(Punjab Agricultural University; Ludhiana, 2006) Dixit, Anoop Kumar; Surendra SinghThesisItem Restricted Development and evaluation of tractor operated flail type forage harvester with chaffing system(PAU, 2015) Goyal, Rajesh; Mahal, Jaskarn SinghFodder harvesting, transporting and its chopping is a major resource consuming component in dairy farming business. To do all the above three operation simultaneously, a tractor operated flail type forage harvester cum chopper was developed in the Dept of FM&PE, PAU. But machine could not become popular at farmer’s field because of uneven size of cut of fodder. Thus a study was undertaken to develop and evaluate a tractor operated flail type forage harvester with chaffing system. For this, flail unit of already developed machine was studied for different flail peripherial speeds ( 3 levels : 25, 29 & 35 m/s ) and forward speeds ( 3 levels : 2.5, 3.8 & 4.6 km/h ) for harvesting two types of fodder crops i.e Maize and Sorghum. Bulk density of fodder chopped by flails, height of cut, harvesting efficiency, flail throw efficiency were taken as performance parameters. Optimum combination of parameters were Flail peripherial speed of 35 m/s and forward speed of 2.5 km/hat which loss of fodder was minimum due to maximum flail throw efficiency and harvesting efficiency. The bulk density of fodder chopped by flails at these speeds was 103.5 kg/m3. A tractor operated flail type forage harvester with chaffing system was developed by replacing screw conveyer & blowing cum chopping mechanism with belt conveyer and positive feed chaffing system respectively. For this, design of belt conveyer and chaffing system was done considering the cropping intensity of fodder crop, bulk density of fodder chopped by flails and field capacity of machine at the optimum selected speed of machine. The developed machine was evaluated for three forward speeds (3 levels: 2.0, 2.5 & 3.0 km/h) and three conveyer speeds (3 levels: 0.55, 0.70 & 0.85 m/s) on two crops maize and sorghum. The forward speed of 2.0 km/h and conveyer speed of 0.55 m/swas foundto be best among all the studied parameters. The weighted size of cut of chopped fodderfor maize and sorghum fodder was 3.09 cm and 3.04 cm respectively. The fuel consumption, height of cut, harvesting efficiency, material capacity and field capacity for maize and sorghum fodderwas 6.25 l/h, 4.8 cm, 98.0 %, 6.53 t/h & 0.23 ha/h and 6.48 l/h, 4.9 cm, 98.5 %, 6.60 t/h & 0.23 ha/hrespectively.ThesisItem Open Access Spatial Energy Model For Harvesting(Punjab Agricultural University ;Ludhiana, 2000) Baruah, Debendra Chandra; Panesar, B. S.ThesisItem Open Access Design And Development Of A Tractor Operated Cross Conveyor Paddy Straw Thrower(Punjab Agricultural University; Ludhiana, 2005) Pannu, Charan Jeet Singh; Shukla, L.N.ThesisItem Open Access Devlopment And Evaluation Of Rotary Blades For Strip-Tillage(Punjab Agricultural University; Ludhiana, 2006) Jafar, Habibi Asi; Surendra SinghThesisItem Open Access System Dynamics Modelling Of Energy Use In Crop Production In Punjab(Punjab Agricultural University ;Ludhiana, 2001) Sidhu, Harminder Singh; Surendera Singh