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2011 - 20162
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Subject: Farm, Machinery and Power × End date: 2017 × Start date: 2010 × Thesis Type: M.Tech. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Performance evaluation of a tractor operated air assisted orchard sprayer
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Bathla, Rajan; Singh, S.K.
    Performance evaluation of a tractor operated air assisted orchard sprayer had been undertaken. Hollow cone nozzles and double action nozzles were used to study the performance of the sprayer. The sprayer was tested in laboratory at four operating pressures (3, 4, 6 and 8 kg/cm2) and three blower speeds (1288, 1883 and 2541 rpm) to determine the suitable operational parameters for the sprayer. The combination of 8 kg/cm² pressure and 1288 rpm blower speed was found to be the suitable combination which was selected for field test. Sprayer was operated in the field at three forward speeds (0.76, 1.09 and 1.64 km/h), and different parameters were recorded and analyzed. Volume median diameter and uniformity coefficient for hollow cone nozzles varied from 162 to 300 µm and 1.62 to 2.88 respectively and for double action nozzles, it varied from 127 to 166 µm and 1.29 to 2.34 respectively. The droplet density on upper and underside of leaves for hollow cone nozzles varied from 43 to 178 and 69 to 301 drops/cm2 respectively and for double action nozzles, it varied from 72 to 203 and 51 to 98 drops/cm2 respectively. Volume of spray deposition on upper and underside of leaves for hollow cone nozzles varied from 107.4 × 10-6 to 383.79 × 10-6 cc/cm2 and 100.59 × 10-6 to 781.93 × 10-6 cc/cm2 respectively and for double action nozzles, it varied from 120.23 × 10-6 to 216.05 × 10-6 cc/cm2 and 54.76 × 10-6 to 172.15 × 10-6 cc/cm2 respectively.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON EFFECT OF BLADE SHAPE AND SPEED OF ROTARY PUDDLER ON PUDDLING QUALITY
    (PAU, 2011) Gurvinder Singh
    A study was conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana to evaluate the performance of commonly used rotary blades of different shapes in terms of power requirement, pudding quality on selected soils and to find out the best combination of blade shape and rotary speed of rotary puddler. Experiments were conducted on three blade shapes (J, C and L) at three rotor speeds (245, 263 and 280 rpm) in two types of soils S1 (Clay 10.2%, Silt 17.2% and Sand 72.6%) and S2 (Clay 21.4%, Silt 15.5% and Sand 63.1%) to study the effect of blade shape and rotor speed on puddling index, infiltration rate, PTO power requirement and fuel consumption. The treatment combinations were compared with control (Puddling with cultivator x 2 + Planker x 1). For measuring puddling index, soil water suspension samples were taken in graduated glass tube after the operation of rotavator and were kept undisturbed for 48 hours. Infiltration rate was measured by fixing the measuring scales in the field after puddling which gave the amount of water infiltrated into the soil. PTO power requirement was measured by installing a torque transducer on the PTO shaft. Fuel flow meter was installed in the fuel line of the tractor to measure fuel consumption. The results for each dependent parameter (puddling index, infiltration rate, power requirement and fuel consumption) were analyzed on the basis of Randomized Block Design (RBD) test using software “SAS 9.2 Version”. J shape blades gave maximum puddling index (70.22 and 73.78 %) and minimum infiltration rate (0.04 and 0.01 mm/h) at 280 rpm rotor speed in comparison to C and L blades and control for both soils S1 and S2 respectively. J shape blades required minimum PTO power (18.89 and 19.10 kW) and consumed minimum fuel (16.35 and 16.40 l/ha) at 245 rpm rotor speed as compared to C and L blades and control for both soils S1 and S2 respectively. J shape blades deposited maximum clay content (21.07 and 28.27 %) and minimum sand content (60.97 and 54.03%) in top 10 mm layer of soils S1 and S2 respectively. J shape blades at rotor speed of 280 rpm gave better results for puddling index, infiltration rate, PTO power requirement and fuel consumption as compared to C, L and control for both soils S1 and S2 respectively. So, J shape blade at 280 rpm rotor speed can be considered as the best combination for puddling.