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An Evaluation Study of Farmer-Led-Extension Under Agricultural Technology Management Agencies in Punjab
(College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2006) Singh Riar, Tejinder; Gill, SS
Open Access
Impact of citrus estates on the beneficiaries in Punjab
(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2019) Gurvinder Singh; Bhalla, J.S.
Horticulture is best growing sector within the agriculture and it contributing towards poverty alleviation, nutritional security. Citrus fruits originated from tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Punjab government established five Citrus Estates in Fazilika, Shri Muktsar Sahib and Hoshiarpur districts to promote citrus crop and facilitate the beneficiaries. This study entitled, “Impact of citrus estates on the beneficiaries in Punjab” was planned to find out the knowledge and adoption of the beneficiaries about citrus production practices, impact and effectiveness of evaluation and to find out the constraints perceived by the beneficiaries. A stratified multistage random sampling design was used was used to select the respondents. From each Citrus Estates, 40 beneficiaries were selected and in this way total 200 beneficiaries were selected. It was found from the study that the age of respondent beneficiaries varied from 27-56 years , maximum 24.5 per cent beneficiaries were educated up to graduation and higher proportion of the total beneficiaries were falling under semi-medium operational land holding. From the entire five Citrus Estates, maximum 35.5 per cent respondent beneficiaries had experience of 5 to 8 years of citrus cultivation and 42.0 per cent of the respondent beneficiaries had 1 to 5 acres area under citrus crop. Study also indicated that the maximum respondent had medium knowledge and medium extent of adoption about recommended citrus production practices. Regarding different aspects of production technology beneficiaries had maximum knowledge about citrus harvesting and maximum extend of adoption regarding citrus plantation whereas minimum knowledge and adoption was found in fruit drop & growth regulators aspects. Technical constraints ranked first with highest average mean score of 2.271among the five constraint areas. It is a need of hour, to make export policy for citrus produce and need to build pack-house and storage facility to promote the crop.
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Perspective of extension personnel and farmers regarding paddy and wheat residue burning in Punjab
(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Lyngdoh, Lawanrisha; Dhaliwal, R.K.
The research entitled “Perspective of extension personnel and farmers regarding paddy and wheat residue burning in Punjab” was undertaken with the objectives to study the perception and knowledge of extension personnel and farmers towards the effect of open burning in paddy and wheat cropping system, to identify the extension methods used by the extension personnel for the dissemination of various alternatives of paddy and wheat straw management and the constraints faced by the farmers in the adoption of paddy and wheat straw management alternatives and by the extension personnel in its dissemination along with suggestions. One hundred and fifty extension personnel (Agricultural Development Officers) were selected randomly from the state. From each zone, one district and further two villages were selected. From each village ten farmers were selected randomly. Thus, sixty farmers were selected randomly from three agro-climatic zones. The data was collected with the help of a questionnaire for the extension personnel and an interview schedule for the farmers. Findings of the study revealed that perception of the extension personnel and farmer respondents differ for the statements such as pest and pathogens can be controlled by straw burning, weeds can be controlled by open straw burning and burning of crop stubble decreases the yield of milk in milch animals as well as destroys forest trees while both respondents agreed that open burning of straw has a negative effect on plant health, air, human health, animal health, biodiversity, vehicular traffic and soil health. The study revealed that majority of the extension personnel and farmer respondents had medium level of knowledge regarding the economic effect of paddy straw, a high level of knowledge regarding environmental effect and medium level of knowledge regarding pictorial identification for paddy wheat straw management respectively. An overall analysis showed that majority of the respondents from both categories had medium level of knowledge. Personal visit and meetings/discussions were the most commonly employed methods by the extension personnel for the dissemination of various alternatives of paddy and wheat straw management. The findings revealed that the major constraints faced by the extension personnel in disseminating straw management alternatives were inadequate and irregular supply of funds, perceived ineffectiveness of technologies and lack of training facilities. While all the farmer respondents agreed that high transportation of the straw, high labour charges and crop residue interference with tillage and seeding operations were the major constraints in adoption of straw management techniques. The variables like education, service experience, extension contact, mass media and economic motivation showed a positive and highly significant correlation with knowledge while age of the farmer respondents was negatively and significantly correlated with knowledge. Also, a positive and significant relationship was found between the perception of the farmer respondents with education and ecological consciousness.
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Performance of elected members of Panchayati Raj Institution (PRI) in implementation and monitoring of development schemes in Punjab
(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Shukla, Namita; Sidhu, Kiranjot
Panchyati Raj Institutes play a vital role in implementation and monitoring of government scheme like MGNREGA, IAY and NRLM. In this context, the study was designed to assess the knowledge of PRI members regarding selected schemes and expected roles to be performed by members of three tiers along with the assessment of their actual role performance. The study was conducted in purposively selected two blocks from each of four selected districts of Punjab State. Sample consisted of 96Gam Panchayat, 48 Panchayat Samiti and 40 Zila Parishad elected members. Data collected using interview schedule revealed that knowledge of ZP members was highest both regarding the schemes and the roles to be performed. Members of different tiers differed significantly in their overall knowledge of the schemes , roles and their actual role performance. Education, media exposure, income of PRI members, family income, land ownership and previous experience of PRI members in system was significantly related with their knowledge of scheme and expected role along with the actual role performance. Age affected the actual role performance. Organisational membership, previous PRI involvement status was found to be significantly related to knowledge. Knowledge and actual role performance were positively and significantly related with each other. Lack of information was the major problem cited by the members and they suggested that capacity building exercises should be organized with enhanced use of ICT. There should be a horizontal and vertical flow of information through organization of workshops/ interactions before and after implementation of development schemes.
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Study on forest based resources for livelihood in lower Shivalik Hills
(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Kandwal, Priyanka; Rampal, Vipan Kumar
The study entitled “A study on forest based resources for livelihood in lower Shivalik hills” was undertaken with the objectives to study the socio-economic, situational and psychological aspects of the respondents and to analyze the existing pattern of forest based livelihood in lower Shivalik hills, to study the knowledge about forestry practices of the respondents and to study the problems faced by respondents related to forest based resources on livelihood. Two hundred and forty respondents from Hoshiarpur district, Punjab and Kangra district, Himachal Pradesh were selected using multistage random sampling design. The data were collected with the help of interview schedule. Findings of the study revealed that utilization of forest resources by majority of respondents was found to be high in both the districts whereas level of aspiration and adoption of forestry practices by majority of respondents was found to be medium. Attitude towards forestry was found to be favourable in both districts. Livelihood status of majority of respondents from both districts was found to be of medium category. Knowledge level was also found to be of medium category of majority of the respondents. Major problems related to forest based practices were Labour intensive and less remunerative, unsafe working environment and scarcity of transport facilities.
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Adoption status of protected vegetable cultivation technologies by the farmers of Punjab
(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Kamalpreet Kaur; Prabhjot Kaur
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A STUDY OF ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE OF THE SELECTED STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITIES IN INDIA
(PAU Ludhiana, 2013) Sayanika Borah; Kiranjot, Sidhu
The study was conducted in four state agricultural universities of India viz. PAU Punjab (North); ANGRAU, Andhra Pradesh (South); AAU, Assam (East) and MPAUT, Rajasthan (West) to study the variations in perceptions of the faculty and administrators regarding the importance of dimension of organizational climate along with their perception of prevailing and expected organizational climate. The data collected from the 216 faculty members and 60 administrators using a scale developed on 13 dimensions viz. communication, management of rewards, interpersonal relationships, control and supervision, orientation, decision making, leadership, policies and rules, innovation, physical facilities, team work, monetary gains and accountability/ evaluation revealed that communication followed by leadership, team work and physical facilities were the most important dimensions according to the faculty who ranked monetary gains, accountability/ evaluation, management of rewards and control and supervision as least important. Administrators ranked communication, leadership and decision making at the top and innovation, monetary gains and management of rewards at the least important. There was a good agreement between faculty and administrator of all selected SAU’s as well as between SAU’s in assigning ranks. Faculty perceived highest gap between the prevailing and expected climate with regard to orientation and monetary gains and lowest in management of rewards and interpersonal relationship, whereas administrators found it to be highest in monetary gains and lowest in decision making and communication. Age, income, job experience and training acquired were significantly related with the perception. Faculty suggested improvement in communication as one of the important ways to improve organizational climate.
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A STUDY OF THE RESEARCH-EXTENSION-FARMER LINKAGES IN THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR OF PUNJAB
(PAU Ludhiana, 2013) Manmeet Kaur; R.K., Dhaliwal
The present study entitled “A study of the Research-Extension-Farmer Linkages in the agriculture sector of Punjab” was undertaken to study the existing research-extension-farmer linkages, to analyze the factors affecting these linkages, to study the attitude of researchers and extensionists towards these linkages, to study the opinion of farmers regarding research-extension-farmer linkages and study the linkages of research, extension and farmers with the market. A total of 700 farmers representing six villages from three districts were selected for the study. Apart from the farmers, 32 ADOs, 15 KVK subject matter specialists, 21 PAU extension specialists and 82 researchers from PAU were also selected. Two separate interview schedules were developed for farmers and for researchers and extensionists. The results of the study revealed that farmers had low linkages with researchers, extensionists and market in the adopted (83.9%) and non-adopted (85.2%) villages. More than 83 per cent and 79 per cent of the farmers had low extent of participation in linkage mechanisms with researchers, 90.4 per cent and 93.3 per cent had low extent of participation with extensionists while 94.5 per cent and 91.9 per cent of the farmers had low extent of participation in market linkage mechanisms in the adopted and non-adopted villages respectively. Farmers opined that researchers and extensionists do not frequently visit the farmers, farmers do not have adequate representation in research and extension, only progressive farmers have direct contacts with the researchers and KVKs and State Department of Agriculture are not very effective in developing linkages with them. They also felt that their lack of ICT skills, their inability to organize themselves into groups and inappropriate government policies discourage their market linkages. About 43% of the researchers and extensionists had low extent of participation in linkage mechanisms with each other while 45.3% had medium extent of participation with farmers. A little less than half of the researchers and extensionists (46%) had a neutral attitude towards research-extension-farmer linkages. The study revealed that factors like lack of prioritization to linkages, lack of effective communication, lack of incentives and busy schedule hampers research-extension linkages while factors like priorities to complete the targets, minimal opportunities with the researchers to link with farmers, lack of participation of the researchers in field days, negligible pressure from the resource poor farmers and lack of adequate staff affected research-extension-farmer linkages. Participatory technology generation and participatory conduct, monitoring and evaluation of research and extension activities should be used to enhance the research-extension-farmer linkages. Formation of Village Knowledge Centres and farmer’s organizations will help in increasing market linkages of the farmers.
Open Access
STUDY OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRESS AND SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTIVITY OF SCIENTISTS OF PUNJAB AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, LUDHIANA
(PAU Ludhiana, 2013) Uritkhinbam Supriya Devi; D.S., Dhillon
The present study entitled ―Study of organizational stress and scientific productivity of scientists of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana‖ was undertaken to study the nature and extent of organizational stress and measure the scientific productivity of the scientists, analyze the factors affecting the organizational stress and the measures used to manage it and relationship between the organizational stress and scientific productivity of the scientists. A total sample of 250 scientists having minimum five years of service experience belonging to three cadres of teaching, research and extension was selected in proportion to their number in each stream from each of the four constituent colleges. A questionnaire was developed and used to collect requisite information pertaining to the objectives of the study. The data were collected from the scientists using distributed questionnaire approach. The pretesting of the questionnaire was done and necessary modifications were made in the parameters of teaching, research and extension. The reliability of the measurement scales was found by using split half method and their content validity was ensured. The results of the study revealed that majority of the scientists ‗sometimes‘ faced the mental, emotional, physical and behavioural stress. About an equal per cent of teachers (23.08%) had ‗high‘ mental and physical stress respectively and one fourth of researchers (21.90%) had high level of emotional stress. About 40 per cent teachers, 41.90 per cent researchers and 40.74 per cent extensionists had ‗medium‘ level of scientific productivity. On the other hand, one fourth of teachers (25.27%), researchers (22.86%) and extensionists (24.07%) had ‗high‘ level of scientific productivity. The factors affecting the organizational stress such as self, family, environmental factors, organizational factors, role in organization, interpersonal relationships at work, workload influence on career development lead to the stress as perceived by about 36-50 per cent of the scientists. The characteristics such as family, social factors, role in organization, workload and home work interference were positively and significantly correlated with the overall scientific productivity of the scientists. It was further observed that organizational factors, organizational culture, strict adherence to working hours and influence on career development were negatively and significantly correlated with the overall scientific productivity of the scientists. Further, about 30-60 per cent scientists from all the three cadres used stress management techniques such as work related techniques, meditation, diet, social support and natural cures to manage and relieve their day to day stress.

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