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ThesisItem Restricted A STUDY OF ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE OF THE SELECTED STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITIES IN INDIA(PAU Ludhiana, 2013) Sayanika Borah; Kiranjot, SidhuThe study was conducted in four state agricultural universities of India viz. PAU Punjab (North); ANGRAU, Andhra Pradesh (South); AAU, Assam (East) and MPAUT, Rajasthan (West) to study the variations in perceptions of the faculty and administrators regarding the importance of dimension of organizational climate along with their perception of prevailing and expected organizational climate. The data collected from the 216 faculty members and 60 administrators using a scale developed on 13 dimensions viz. communication, management of rewards, interpersonal relationships, control and supervision, orientation, decision making, leadership, policies and rules, innovation, physical facilities, team work, monetary gains and accountability/ evaluation revealed that communication followed by leadership, team work and physical facilities were the most important dimensions according to the faculty who ranked monetary gains, accountability/ evaluation, management of rewards and control and supervision as least important. Administrators ranked communication, leadership and decision making at the top and innovation, monetary gains and management of rewards at the least important. There was a good agreement between faculty and administrator of all selected SAU’s as well as between SAU’s in assigning ranks. Faculty perceived highest gap between the prevailing and expected climate with regard to orientation and monetary gains and lowest in management of rewards and interpersonal relationship, whereas administrators found it to be highest in monetary gains and lowest in decision making and communication. Age, income, job experience and training acquired were significantly related with the perception. Faculty suggested improvement in communication as one of the important ways to improve organizational climate.ThesisItem Open Access COMPARISON OF COVERAGE OF NEWS IN DIFFERENT NEWSPAPERS(PAU Ludhiana, 2013) Hardeep Kaur; Sarabjeet SinghThe present research was undertaken with a view to compare the coverage of news, including agricultural and rural news, in various newspapers with different parameters and to find biasness, if any, in publication of the news. Three English newspapers i.e. Hindustan Times, The Tribune and The Indian Express were selected for this quantitative and qualitative study conducted on 15 randomly selected news stories with 12 parameters. It was found that Hindustan Times and The Tribune covered more stories with boxes as compared to The Indian Express. Similarly, The Tribune and The Indian Express published maximum stories with pictures whereas Hindustan Times published least pictures. The study also pointed to the fact that there were major differences in number of columns as well as word count. Both the parameters were almost doubled in many news stories. This shows that while one newspaper accorded top importance, the others gave half the space and display. From the study it was also found that even news sent by PTI were not carried equally by all newspapers. The study of all these three newspapers revealed that the newspapers vary in coverage of particular news as per their editorial policies and space consideration, but it is hard to conclude that the newspapers under the present sample were biased despite having variance in coverage. Each newspaper provided different bits of information in a particular news story which of course, adds uniqueness and ingenuity to the newspapers. sThesisItem Open Access STUDY OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRESS AND SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTIVITY OF SCIENTISTS OF PUNJAB AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, LUDHIANA(PAU Ludhiana, 2013) Uritkhinbam Supriya Devi; D.S., DhillonThe present study entitled ―Study of organizational stress and scientific productivity of scientists of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana‖ was undertaken to study the nature and extent of organizational stress and measure the scientific productivity of the scientists, analyze the factors affecting the organizational stress and the measures used to manage it and relationship between the organizational stress and scientific productivity of the scientists. A total sample of 250 scientists having minimum five years of service experience belonging to three cadres of teaching, research and extension was selected in proportion to their number in each stream from each of the four constituent colleges. A questionnaire was developed and used to collect requisite information pertaining to the objectives of the study. The data were collected from the scientists using distributed questionnaire approach. The pretesting of the questionnaire was done and necessary modifications were made in the parameters of teaching, research and extension. The reliability of the measurement scales was found by using split half method and their content validity was ensured. The results of the study revealed that majority of the scientists ‗sometimes‘ faced the mental, emotional, physical and behavioural stress. About an equal per cent of teachers (23.08%) had ‗high‘ mental and physical stress respectively and one fourth of researchers (21.90%) had high level of emotional stress. About 40 per cent teachers, 41.90 per cent researchers and 40.74 per cent extensionists had ‗medium‘ level of scientific productivity. On the other hand, one fourth of teachers (25.27%), researchers (22.86%) and extensionists (24.07%) had ‗high‘ level of scientific productivity. The factors affecting the organizational stress such as self, family, environmental factors, organizational factors, role in organization, interpersonal relationships at work, workload influence on career development lead to the stress as perceived by about 36-50 per cent of the scientists. The characteristics such as family, social factors, role in organization, workload and home work interference were positively and significantly correlated with the overall scientific productivity of the scientists. It was further observed that organizational factors, organizational culture, strict adherence to working hours and influence on career development were negatively and significantly correlated with the overall scientific productivity of the scientists. Further, about 30-60 per cent scientists from all the three cadres used stress management techniques such as work related techniques, meditation, diet, social support and natural cures to manage and relieve their day to day stress.ThesisItem Restricted Intervention on reproductive health of young mothers in slum areas of Ludhiana city(PAU, 2013) Deepshikha; Bajwa, Ashu K.The present study was undertaken to assess the “Impact of intervention program on reproductive health of young mothers in slum areas of Ludhiana city”. The sample was comprised of total 120 respondents i.e. young mothers (n 1 =60) and their spouses (n 2 =60). Standardized Family Planning and Birth Control Attitude Scale was used to assess the attitude of young mothers and their spouses towards family planning and birth control methods. Self-structured questionnaire was used to assess the existing physical health status and identification of health services availed by young mothers. The respondents were tested for their knowledge and attitude regarding reproductive health. Out of 120 respondents, 60 respondents (both husband and wife) falling on the poor reproductive health status were selected as experimental group for intervention programme, whereas, the rest of 60 respondents constituted the control group. The intervention programme was given to experimental group of mothers and their spouses for the period of four months. Post-testing of both the groups was done to evaluate the impact of the intervention programme. Results revealed significant relationship between education and all the eight aspects of family planning methods whereas age factor does not affect the attitude of the respondents towards family planning methods. Awareness regarding health care services was found low among young mothers. Post-test assessment revealed that intervention resulted into significant positive changes in the attitude of the young mothers towards menstruation and its related fallacies. Significant positive change in the attitude of young mothers and their spouses towards family planning methods was also observed after intervention. Knowledge of the young mothers towards food fads and fallacies related to pregnancy were improved significantly using post-intervention assessment.ThesisItem Open Access Farmers' suicide in Punjab: A sociological perspective(Punjab Agricultural University, 2013) Jain, Khushbu; Sidhu, Simran K.Suicide is an important issue in the Indian context where more than one lakh lives are lost every year to suicide. In Punjab state, 4687 farmers and farm labourers committed suicides die to Indebtedness between 2001 to 2010 (Daily Post, 2012). The reason is the deep rooted agrarian and rural distress rather than a temporary phenomenon associated with society. Many studies advocated that it is the phenomenon of indebtedness which pushed farmers` towards suicide trap, but the factor of social nature responsible for indebtedness are more significant. Furthermore, the suicide victims not only include the persons themselves who commit suicide but also their family members who are left at the crossroads. The present study had conducted with purpose of finding out the reasons of suicides and the status of family members of suicide victims in Punjab from 2000 to 2008 with the specific objectives (i) to examine the socio-economic status of the suicide victims (ii) to find out causes of suicide by the suicide victims and (iii) to analyse the problems faced by the suicide victims’ families. The sample of 120 families from 25 villages of two districts of Punjab state namely Bathinda and Mansa were selected through systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected personally with the help of structured interview schedule and analyzed statistically. The data pertaining to socio-economic profile of the suicide victims revealed that maximum victims belonged to middle age group (63.33%) and 47.5 per cent victims were illiterate. Majority of suicide victims belonged to nuclear family supported the fact that recent phenomena of disintegration of joint family in rural areas which has been considered as the main source of social, economic and psychological support for an individual was playing as the hidden factor of suicide. Maximum victims were used pesticides to kill themselves as it was easily available in the farm household. Indebtedness was found to be the major cause of suicide (64.17 per cent) followed by family disputes (20%) and economic crisis (16.67%). More than half of the victims borrowed debt for the marriage purpose of their daughters and son. Commission agents were the dominant source of debt. It was found that a significant number of victims had ill habit of smoking, drinking and drug addiction. More than half of the victims’ families faced problem of inadequate income. More than half of the victim families were facing difficulties even in daily household expenses. Three fourth of the victims wives and children were under depression. Majority of suicide victims wanted government to waive off their debt and provide some immediate financial help.ThesisItem Open Access Farmers' suicide in Punjab: A sociological perspective(Punjab Agricultural University, 2013) Khushbu Jain; Simran K. SidhuSuicide is an important issue in the Indian context where more than one lakh lives are lost every year to suicide. In Punjab state, 4687 farmers and farm labourers committed suicides die to Indebtedness between 2001 to 2010 (Daily Post, 2012). The reason is the deep rooted agrarian and rural distress rather than a temporary phenomenon associated with society. Many studies advocated that it is the phenomenon of indebtedness which pushed farmers` towards suicide trap, but the factor of social nature responsible for indebtedness are more significant. Furthermore, the suicide victims not only include the persons themselves who commit suicide but also their family members who are left at the crossroads. The present study had conducted with purpose of finding out the reasons of suicides and the status of family members of suicide victims in Punjab from 2000 to 2008 with the specific objectives (i) to examine the socio-economic status of the suicide victims (ii) to find out causes of suicide by the suicide victims and (iii) to analyse the problems faced by the suicide victims’ families. The sample of 120 families from 25 villages of two districts of Punjab state namely Bathinda and Mansa were selected through systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected personally with the help of structured interview schedule and analyzed statistically. The data pertaining to socio-economic profile of the suicide victims revealed that maximum victims belonged to middle age group (63.33%) and 47.5 per cent victims were illiterate. Majority of suicide victims belonged to nuclear family supported the fact that recent phenomena of disintegration of joint family in rural areas which has been considered as the main source of social, economic and psychological support for an individual was playing as the hidden factor of suicide. Maximum victims were used pesticides to kill themselves as it was easily available in the farm household. Indebtedness was found to be the major cause of suicide (64.17 per cent) followed by family disputes (20%) and economic crisis (16.67%). More than half of the victims borrowed debt for the marriage purpose of their daughters and son. Commission agents were the dominant source of debt. It was found that a significant number of victims had ill habit of smoking, drinking and drug addiction. More than half of the victims’ families faced problem of inadequate income. More than half of the victim families were facing difficulties even in daily household expenses. Three fourth of the victims wives and children were under depression. Majority of suicide victims wanted government to waive off their debt and provide some immediate financial help.ThesisItem Open Access Reactions of the trainees about three months training course of practical education in agriculture for young farmers organized by PAU, Ludhiana(Punjab Agricultural University, 2013) Kulwant Singh; Kalra, Rajinder KaurThe present study entitled “Reactions of the trainees about three months training course of practical education in agriculture for young farmers organized by PAU, Ludhiana” was undertaken to study the reactions of the trainees regarding different aspects of three months training course for young farmers. The study also focused on problems faced by trainees and organizers and to get suggestions from them. All the trainees (70) and two organizers of two batches (August, 2011 and January, 2012) of three months training course were taken as the respondents of the study. The data were collected with the help of questionnaire from the respondents. The results of the study revealed that more than 80 per cent of the respondents were satisfied with the timings of training course, topics covered, time devoted to each topic, lecture-cum-discussion method, distribution of literature, visits of model farms, skills in handling of audio visual aids, relevant and usefulness of the course content. Regarding overall satisfaction of the trainees about 80 per cent of the respondents had medium to high level of satisfaction towards various training aspects. The major problems faced by the respondents were lack of provision of notes of the lecture delivered (82.86%), insufficient duration of field demonstration (65.71%), inadequate availability of audio visual aids (64.29%), insufficient seating arrangements (82.86%), inadequate boarding (81.43%), drinking water (84.29%) and transportation facilities (87.14%). While the organizers faced the problems of inadequate availability of LCD projector, uncomfortable chairs in class room and poor transportation facilities. However, majority of the respondents (85%) suggested to distribute written material before the lecture delivered, increase the duration of training course, more time for field demonstrations, inclusion of topics related to hybrid seed production and computer subject in the curriculum, improvement in the quality of food and drinking water and better transportation facilities. The ratio of 40:60 of theory and practical had been suggested by majority of the trainees (61.43%). The suggestions given by the training organizers were timely nomination of participants, availability of funds well in advance, increase in duration of training course from three to five months and strengthening the lecture room facilities