Loading...
Thesis
Browse
8 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Restricted Development of software to determine the maturity level of plum using image processing techniques(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Harpuneet Kaur; Sawhney, B. K.Maturity is the key factor which determines the storage life and ripening quality of fruits. In order to provide marketing flexibility and to ensure the acceptable eating quality to the buyer it is very crucial to determine the right maturity stage. Maturity indices are also important for trade regulation, marketing strategy and for efficient use of labor and resources. The proposed system is based on the implementation of image processing techniques using digital images of different maturity stages of the plum. The external quality features like color, texture and size have been analyzed with MATLAB Image Processing Toolbox. Color feature has been extracted by using mean RGB values. Entropy, Local Binary Pattern and Discrete Cosine transformation have been used for extracting textural features. Correlation coefficients between images of various categories were recorded to determine the most dominant factor for classification. Multi Attribute Decision Making theory has been used for taking final decision. The developed system accurately determines the maturity level. Results indicated that color is the most dominant factor for classifying the plums according to maturity level. When the length and width computed from application were compared with the manual readings, the error percentage was less than 2.4%.ThesisItem Restricted Development of software to estimate woody volume of a live tree(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Singla, Nikita; Derminder SinghTree volume is one of the oldest areas of interest and is a crucial task in tree management system. Estimating the woody volume of a live tree is important for economic, scientific purposes and provides a tool to researcher/grower. It provides the useful information about the commercial value of wood to the potential buyer/seller. Manual methods are being used largely to calculate woody volume of a tree. These methods are based on different log rules, cumbersome and laborious. The present work proposed a digital image processing technique to estimate the woody volume of a live tree. The developed program successfully determines the woody volume of standing tree trunk with MATLAB image processing techniques. In this method three parameters an individual tree were extracted from digital images of the tree. Calibration factor was also calculated to make the method independent of camera distance from the tree. The method was tested on several samples of trees and compared to experimental results. This software generates information about height, diameter and volume of the tree. The percentage error of height, diameter and volume of standing tree by proposed method was found to be less than 6.65%.ThesisItem Restricted DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR EGOVERNANCE AT PUNJAB AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY(PAU Ludhiana, 2011) Ashu Mittal; Dinesh, GroverThese days, it seems like everything is happening online, and accounting is no exception. While many financial bookkeeping practices have been computerized for some time, online accounting and bookkeeping is still relatively new. In a large organization, accounting requires a lot of paperwork, and maintaining accurate records can be terribly difficult. So there is an essence of computer software that provides applications for easy data entry and record of financial transactions. Keeping this in mind, Financial Management System application software has been developed. FMS application software enhances the way organizations record financial transactions and flow information through their divisions and departments. It allows easy updation of financial records electronically, without having to deal with stacks of paper. Also software application help speed the time it takes to update records and keep employees informed of important financial information. FMS plays significant role in decision making processes. This software helps senior management to prepare financial statements such as income statements. The database has been designed using MySQL and the application has been developed using PHP, JavaScript, AJAX, CSS and HTML.ThesisItem Open Access INFLUENCE OF RECYCLED AGGREGATES, FOUNDRY SAND AND FLY ASH ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND WORKABILITY OF CONCRETE(PAU Ludhiana, 2013) Ramneek Singh; Deepak, GuptaThere are significant environmental benefits of recycled aggregates prepared from demolished concrete and reusing it as coarse aggregates for structural concrete, but the use of recycled aggregates in concrete is yet limited. Fly ash is an industrial waste which can be used in concrete as a partial replacement of cement. Foundry sand is also an industrial waste which can be used to replace sand as fine aggregate in concrete. Thus, an experiment was conducted in the laboratory of the department of Civil Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana to investigate the Properties of concrete using recycled aggregates, foundry sand and fly ash. The experiment was performed to check the compressive strength and workability of M20 concrete. Cube samples 144 in nos. of size 150mm X 150mm X150mm were prepared by varying percentage of fly ash as part replacement of cement by 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% and varying percentage of foundry sand as part replacement of fine aggregates by 5%, 10% and 15%. Water-Cement ratio was kept constant at 0.5. Workability was tested at the time of casting of concrete samples. The results shows that there was an increase in the workability with the partial replacement of fine aggregates by foundry sand and partial replacement of cement by fly ash. The optimum value of compaction factor was at the replacement level of 10 % of fly ash of cement & replacement level of 5 % of foundry sand of fine aggregates. Curing was done for 3, 7, 14 & 28 days. Samples were tested for compressive strength after 3,7,14 and 28 days. The optimum value of compressive strength was achieved with replacement of 5% of cement by fly ash & 5% of fine aggregates by foundry sand.ThesisItem Open Access OPTIMIZATION OF COST OF ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY HYDRO POWER PLANT USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2014) Kaur, Amninder; Sawhney, B.K.Economic operation and control of interconnected power systems involves the solution of difficult optimization problems that require good computational tools. Evolutionary Computation is an area of Computer Science that uses idea from biological evolution to solve problems. Evolutionary computation is one such tool that has shown its ability in solving complex problems. It can be implemented in various forms such as genetic algorithms. The current work presents a prominence for the optimization of the cost of generating units of hydro power plant by genetic algorithms. To optimize the cost of generated electricity, it is important to ensure constant generation of electricity during a time period. A good quality of the electric power system requires both the frequency and voltage to remain at standard values during operation. The foremost task is to keep the frequency constant against the randomly varying active power loads, which are also referred to as unknown external disturbance. The objectives are to minimize the transient deviations in frequency and to ensure their steady state errors to be zeros, so that constant power can be generated. Once optimized power will be generated it will automatically optimize the cost of generated power because generated power and cost of generated power are directly proportional to each other. Genetic algorithm (GA) is used for optimization of integral gains and bias factors, which are applied to automatic generation control (AGC). Tie-line bias KI and frequency bias parameter B are optimized by using real coded GA. It is used to search for the optimal set of parameters (KI and B), which in turn optimize the frequency factor. Using GA results are obtained for given set of hydro units and optimized cost corresponding to each set of hydro generating unit.ThesisItem Open Access DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF AN INDIGENOUS YIELD MONITOR FOR GRAIN COMBINE HARVESTER(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2011) Sharma, KarunThe rice-wheat rotation has led to an agrarian crisis in Punjab in terms of depleted aquifers, soil toxicity and salinity and over exploitation of natural resources. To preserve the natural resources and soil fertility, Precision farming is the need of hour and yield monitor is a logical first and important development in precision farming & agricultural machinery that allows farmers to assess the yield variability within the field during harvesting of crop. Although in advanced countries, high HP combines for large farms are available with yield monitors fitted as standard equipment or installed separately and the sensors & systems used for yield monitor are usually designed for those high HP combines and are very costly. However, these systems and sensors are difficult to install on small indigenous combines directly due to design constraint. So, to spread the use of yield monitoring combines in India, it was necessary to develop an original yield monitoring technique for indigenous combines. For development of indigenous yield monitor, components such as Auxiliary tank, Single point parallel type load cell and Inductive proximity sensor were identified; Micro-controller 8051 with Display unit was selected to process the yield data. Indigenous yield monitor was developed by assembling the designed and selected components on combine harvester. The present yield monitor was evaluated for rice crop at two levels of monitoring i.e. discrete & continuous type and three levels of forward speed i.e. 2.0, 3.0 and 4.5 km/h. The mean value of yield 4609.5 kg/ha with S.D 2116.7 kg/ha having C.V 45.3% with discrete type of monitoring and mean value of yield 5513.7 kg/ha with S.D 3337.7 kg/ha having C.V 60.6% with continuous type of monitoring was calculated at three forward speeds. The lag time was observed 12.6, 13.1 and 12.4 seconds at forward speed of 2.0, 3.0 and 4.5 km/h respectively. An average error 6.03% was observed in the measurement of yield by using indigenous yield monitor. Yield monitor, combine harvester, Global Positioning System (GPS), Geographical Information System (GIS) and yield variabilityThesisItem Restricted Development and evaluation of a revolving magazine type transplanting mechanism (dropping type) for vegetable crops(Punjab Agricultural University, 2011) Narang, Mahesh Kumar; Dhaliwal, I.SVegetables are a major source of protein foods in human nutrition. India is the second largest producer of vegetables after China. Production of vegetables in India stands at 7% of the world production. Area under vegetable crops was about 7.803 million ha and production is about 125.89 million tons during 2007-08. Manual transplanting of seedlings, weeding and harvesting are the most labour consuming operations in vegetable cultivation. Therefore, the area under vegetables crops is low and can be increased by mechanization of these crops. Transplanting of vegetable seedlings in developed countries like U.S.A, China, Holland, Japan and Canada is being done mechanically using vegetable transplanters. To decrease missing and workload on the operator in existing finger type mechanism , a study was undertaken to develop a revolving magazine type transplanting mechanism for planting nursery of vegetable crops. Nursery characteristics of vegetable crops like chilli, capsicum, brinjal and tomato were studied using soil less media of coco peat, perlite and vermiculite in the ratio of 3:1:1 (on volume basis) in three plastic trays having different shapes and volume (8.8 22 and 56 cm3).The effect of types of cell on plug compactness and damage to plug of seedlings was studied. Damage to plug of seedlings of cell having volume 22 cm3 was lowest and plug compactness was 9.7 for chilli seedlings. The revolving magazine type metering mechanism was designed on the basis of nursery characteristics of nursery grown in cell having volume 22 cm3. The developed revolving magazine mechanism was evaluated in the field for chilli and capsicum. Based on the study, a two row vegetable transplanter was developed having revolving magazine type metering mechanism. Ergonomic evaluation of the machine with respect to physiological parameters heart rate, stress on eyes, overall discomfort rating, body part discomfort score, postural configuration and plant missing was carried out with dummy plants. Three feed rate( 34 plants per minute, 68 plants per minute and 102 plants per minute and three subjects (S1, S2, S3) were selected as independent parameters. The heart rate among all treatments ranged from 80.71 to 91.95 beats per minute; Stress on eyes 2.72 to 7.37 per cent; overall discomfort rate varied from 1 to 4; postural configuration varied 4.21 to 7.1 degree respectively. The workload on the operator was under moderate load. The machine was evaluated in the field for three crops i.e. two varieties of brinjal (sandhya and Punjab Barsati) and one variety of tomato crop. Plant missing varied from 2.22 to 4.44 per cent for brinjal and tomato crop. Upright plants (plants having 0 to 30 degree planting angle), depth of planting, plant mortality after 20 days was observed in the range of 85-90 per cent, 5 to 6 cm and 3.33 to 5 per cent respectively. The average field capacity of the machine was 0.122 ha/h for brinjal and 0.1115 ha/h in tomato crop.ThesisItem Open Access Implementation and Performance Analysis of ClustalW Algorithm using Parallel and Distributed Computing(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2014) Jasrotia, Swati; Din, SalamParallel version of bioinformatics applications can speed up the analysis of large scale sequence data, specially sequence alignment. sharing of distributed computing resources and data with the use of parallel version softwares on high performance computing is an emerging step. Clusters provide an excellent platform for solving a range of parallel and distributed applications in both scientific and commercial areas. Personal computer clusters are replacing the mainframe systems / super computers because of its cost effectiveness. In this paper, the performance result of parallel version ClustalW software is recorded on personal computer cluster with the help of an open source rocks toolkit. An easy to deploy, contract/expand, manage and scalable distributed environment is proposed and built for bioinformatics applications. The experimental results show that multiple sequence alignment of protein sequences with ClustalW software on rocks distributed environment gives high efficiency and speed up. It also shows cluster platforms are excellent alternative to access to super computing due to its price to performance ratio
