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ThesisItem Open Access Load balancing the network traffic in the nth mode of IPtables(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Anupama; Gupta, O.P.Load balancing is the most crucial in order to develop the network applications. It optimizes the network interfaces that are present in the cluster. We know, everything belongs to internet these days. Various Servers are connected together with different IP addresses to form a network, to run many applications that are used by the users in daily life. With the increase in the popularity of the web, network traffic increases and need for fast access to the internet is on demand. For smooth services, redundancy of the servers is also required. A single server is not able handle all the traffic which results into a server crash. In this, Network is divided into different paths through which the transmission of packets is done. They are distributed on all the interfaces simultaneously. The network is always available without any delay, by detecting host failures and automatically redistributing the network traffic to other working servers. The performance of per-packet load balancing on different servers is investigated. Simulation results reveal that it is always beneficial to use load balancing and backup of other servers are always present in case of any failure in network.ThesisItem Restricted Management of Bandwidth with Congestion Control in Packet Networks(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Walia, Guneet Kaur; Gupta, O.P.With the growth of internet, the user’s requirements in terms of scale, functionality of network and performance of internet also increases. It becomes very important to guarantee the efficiency, stability and performance of a given network as per the user’s requirements. It is known that the data transfer between computers takes place in the form of packets. Given the network architecture of the underlying network, the performance of the network relies on control methods and effective flow management measures taken. Therefore congestion control ought to be the required premise. The support for congestion control is provided by Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Many Active Queue Management (AQM) algorithms have been proposed that helps in congestion avoidance, the most basic of them is Random Early Detection (RED) Algorithm. Due to drawbacks of RED, many enhancements of RED were proposed. Dynamic gentle Random Early Detection (DGRED) is the latest enhancement of RED which has been implemented in Network Simulator-3 (NS-3). A network scenario consisting of 6 nodes has been taken. The performance of both the algorithms has been evaluated by configuring the routers and the results have been compared. Jitter parameter has been further testified by later on modifying the topology by adding another node. The topology modification brings out better jitter results.ThesisItem Open Access Development of a program for grading of spherical fruits using image processing technique(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Simrandeep Kaur; Salam DinAgriculture is one of the largest economic sectors and it plays the major role in economic development of India. Fruits and vegetables are important for the healthy life. Fruits are the perfect sources for providing our body with all the necessary nutrients and vitamins. There are different varieties of fruits but Apple is one of the economically and culturally most important fruit crops and contributes significantly to human daily consumption. Still for grading the traditional inspection of fruits is performed by human experts, which is considered to be time consuming, tedious, labor intensive and expensive. So there is a need for automated system for accurate, fast and quality fruits grading. In this, method used for grading of apple fruit using the RGB image and apple are graded based on their outer surface. In order to grading a spherical fruit, we extract various external feature of a fruit like color, shape, size and Texture. The system uses RGB images of the fruit. From these image, it automatically extract the external features of the fruit Based on the extracted features it classifies fruit into two categories. The classification of apple fruit using the extracted features is done with the help of support vector machines (SVMs), classification is done and found accuracy of 100%.ThesisItem Open Access Development of an Expert System to Estimate the Specifications of Submersible Pump System Based on Geographical Information(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Gurpreet Kaur; Derminder SinghEscalated need of water resources has created an issue of declination of water table depth in most of the parts of the state of Punjab (India) during past two decades. Thus there is an acute need to identify the spatial status of water table depth for the effective management of water resources. In this research, groundwater depth maps were prepared with the help of Geographical Information System and an expert system was developed using Java Standard Edition 7 which provide appropriate selection of submersible pump set and required associated components such as power cable wire diameter, length, generator capacity, ammeter rating, voltmeter rating, capacitor rating and Polyvinyl Chloride pipe diameter based on the spatial information of last 18 years (1998-2015) of ground water table for the state of Punjab. The developed system will be beneficial for the farmer’s in estimation of the required submersible pumping system and allied electrical components.ThesisItem Restricted Studies on effect of blade shape and rotor speed of rotavator on pulverization and mixing quality(PAU Ludhiana, 2013) Shiva Bhambota; G S, ManesA study was conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana to evaluate the performance of commercially available rotavator blade shapes to find out the best combination of blade shape and rotary speed of rotavator for tillage and mixing operations. Experiments were conducted on three blade shapes (L, C and J) at three rotor speeds (180, 215 and 250 rpm) in two types of soils S1 (sand 75.5%, silt 12.4% and clay 12.1 %) and S2 (sand 24.2%, silt 34.8% and clay 41%) to study the effect of blade shape and rotor speed on pulverization index, mixing index, percent reduction in bulk density and fuel consumption. These treatment combinations were compared with control (Pulverization with single pass of disc harrow followed by single pass of cultivator). For measuring pulverization index, soil samples were taken after single pass of rotavator. Standard sieve analysis method was used to find the mean mass diameter (MMD) of sample soil particles for mixing of crop mass after the operation of rotavator, the pieces of the crop which were exposed to 1/3rd of their length or more were collected and weighed to find mixing index. Percent reduction in bulk density before and after treatment by rotavator was calculated using core sampler method for pulverization and mixing operation. For measuring the fuel consumption; fuel flow meter was installed in the fuel line of the tractor. The results for each dependent parameter (pulverization index, mixing index, percent reduction in bulk density and fuel consumption) were analyzed on the basis of Completely Randomized Design (CRD) test using software “CPCS 1”. J shape blades gave minimum pulverization index (3.06 and 8.57 mm) and maximum mixing index (80.72 and 91.43 %) at 250 rpm rotor speed as compared to L and C shaped blades and control for both soils S1 and S2 respectively. The average fuel consumption was maximum for J shape blades followed by L and C shape blades respectively for both pulverization and mixing in both soil types. C shape blades have minimum fuel consumption as compared to other two blade shapes for both types of soil for pulverization and mixing operation respectively. So, J shape blade at 250 rpm rotor speed can be considered as the best combination for pulverization and mixing.ThesisItem Open Access NATIONAL KNOWLEDGE COMMISSION AND MEDIA: A STUDY OF THE ROLE OF PRINT MEDIA IN BUILDING A KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2010) Mehak JainThe 21st century has been widely acclaimed as knowledge era where knowledge is the driver of future economies. A study was carried out to discuss the concept of knowledge society as portrayed by print media and to compare the coverage of issues related to knowledge with special reference to National Knowledge Commission in different newspapers. A census study of three newspapers − The Times of India, The Hindu and The Tribune was carried out for three months. It was concluded that print media discussed extensively the concepts of knowledge society, knowledge management and knowledge economy, but it has not significantly covered issues like technical education, innovation and digital libraries. The print media also highlighted that knowledge is like a bearer cheque of 21st century that can be encashed if nurtured besides the technical aspects with innovation, creativity and ethics. By comparison of selected newspapers the study concluded that The Tribune performed better than other two newspapers. It gave significant coverage to National Knowledge Commission through editorials and news analysis where The Hindu failed to make such sufficient contributions. Print media needs to create awareness about knowledge society and narrow the gap between the intellects and common people.ThesisItem Open Access A framework for e-Learning Management System in the paradigm of SCORM.(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2010) Balwant RamThe Internet technologies are advancing at very high pace which have led to the new approaches in the field of learning and training in the shape of e-Learning. The thesis explains how an e-Learning framework can be developed for the University and tells what students of the University can expect from e-Learning environments. The thesis also focuses on how university can create its own online training courses for its students. A learning management system (LMS) has been developed for the university on which e-Learning can be built and delivered to large number of learners. Shareable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM) has been used as an e-Learning standard for creating the e-Learning content and Learning Management System (LMS). The LMS is a user friendly online software application which can be easily customized according to the needs of the University. The LMS is developed using PHP, JavaScript as scripting languages and MYSQL as database back-end. This e-Learning software will add new dimensions to the world of learning.ThesisItem Open Access DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF EMPLOYEE MANAGEMENT MODULE OF E-GOVERNANCE SYSTEM(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2009) Jasdeep Singh BrarEmployee Management System is a computerized solution to the various problems faced in the existing manual system. In the system, there is a registration process each for the Employee, Head of Department, Administrator and Office staff. Anyone can use this system according to his/her privileges. This channel of information will provide better features to the employees since there valuable time will be saved. This system will help in reducing the paper work. The proposed system not only overcomes the loopholes in the existing system but also provides additional features, which will help in better management and also make the work of users easier. In a nutshell, the proposed system is worth implementing.ThesisItem Restricted Design and Development of Web Based Equipment(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2010) Manpreet KaurComputers are finding their way into every business, industry and research activity today. The use of computers is diverse such as entertainment, education, problem solving, research, personal management etc. In an organization, the process of maintaining the record of equipments requires processing and record keeping in different departments. Keeping in view a strong need for managing and integrating the above information effectively and efficiently, Web Based EMS has been designed and developed. Web Based EMS enables the organization to have a central facility where large amounts of information regarding equipments shall be gathered and stored. This information shall be rapidly retrieved and updated to assist authorities in making decisions. Inadequate manual processes of equipment management and the subjective decisions of authorities usually result the major economic losses. The system is capable of evaluating more alternatives than manual methods, makes better and faster decisions and provides timely and accurate information for decision making. The database has been designed using MySQL and the application has been developed using PHP, JavaScript, CSS and HTML. Web Based EMS aims to increase integration and automation, and to minimize decision errors.
