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2022 - 20234
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Subject: Clothing and Textiles × End date: 2023 × Start date: 2020 × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    Utilization of sisal fibre (Agave americana) for designing handloom textile products
    (Punjab Agricultural University, 2023) Soun, Bhawna; Saini, Harminder Kaur
    The present study on “Utilization of sisal fibre (Agave americana) for designing handloom textile products” initially conducted in 12 sisal units four each in Almora, Udham Singh Nagar and Dehradun Districts of Uttarakhand. Among all twelve units, maximum percentage of units i.e., 59 per cent were established during 1986-95, 33 per cent of units were established during 1996-2005 and only 8 per cent of the units were established after 2005. The units were extracting fibres with decortication technique. Survey of units was followed by development of blended yarn and union fabrics. Total three blended yarns were developed by blending sisal and cotton fibres at carding stage in 65:35, 50:50 and 35:65 ratio. Blended yarn in 35:65(12s) and 50:50 (8s) found optimum due to its excellent physical and mechanical properties. Total nine samples of union fabrics were developed using given yarns and weave (plain, basket, and twill). Six samples in power loom and 3 samples were developed in handloom. The construction cost of power loom union fabric was less as compared to handloom fabrics. The developed samples were shown to a panel of ten judges to study their preferences for product development from union fabrics. The majority of respondents perceived the fabrics as being suitable for six end products namely cushion cover, dining table mat, Nehru jacket, shopping bag, straight skirt and table runner. Product survey was done from 60 women in the age group of 25-35 years from three localities of Ludhiana city. Dining table mat was considered as excellent for its utility and design by respondents. For innovativeness, Nehru jacket was liked by 41.60 per cent of the respondents. Regarding the overall appearance of the products dining table mat was liked by 35 per cent. More than 50 per cent of the respondents found the quoted price of the products to be adequate. The handloom textile products from union fabrics were highly appreciated, and were accepted by the consumers.
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    Development and application of moth-repellent finishes on proteinaceous fabrics using plant extracts
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2022) Laimayum Jogeeta Devi; Grewal, Sumeet
    The present study was conducted to develop the moth-repellent finishes for application on proteinaceous fabrics using plant sources as eco-friendly moth repellent agents. Four plants were selected, namely, lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), silver oak (Grevillea robusta), tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) and henna (Lawsonia inermis) on the basis of possessing effective insect repellency. Pure wool and silk fabrics were used for application of developed finishes. Active compounds from plant leaves were extracted using Soxhlet apparatus and conditions for extraction were optimized on the basis of percentage of yield on parameters, namely, types of solvents, extraction pH, solute to solvent ratio, extraction time and extraction temperature. Extraction was done using the optimized conditions of extraction for the respective plants. Phytochemical analysis, both qualitative and quantitative was conducted. Microcapsules were prepared using the optimized extracts as core material, sodium alginate as sheath material and citric acid as cross linker though simple coacervation technique. Parameters for application of microencapsulated finishes on wool and silk fabrics namely, concentrations of microcapsules, concentration of binders, curing temperature and curing time, were optimized on the basis of their effects on tensile strength, flexural rigidity and whiteness index. The microencapsulated extracts were applied on wool and silk fabrics using the optimized conditions using pad-dry-cure method. Surface morphology of the finished wool and silk fabrics were analyzed through Scanning Electron Microscopy. Physical properties of untreated control and finished fabrics were assessed It was found that the developed finishes did not have any adverse effect on the physical properties of the fabrics. Moth repellency of the finished fabrics were tested on the unwashed finished samples of both wool and silk fabrics using ISO 3998-1977(E). Using the same test, efficacy of the finishes were analyzed after washing the fabrics for 5, 10 and 15 wash cycles and after commercially dry cleaning. The test revealed that wool fabric finished with microcapsules of lemongrass extract showed the highest moth repellency with the lowest feeding damage followed by silver oak, tulsi and henna respectively. And silk fabrics finished with microcapsules of henna extract showed the highest moth repellency with the least feeding damage followed by lemongrass, silver oak and tulsi respectively. The finishes were also effective upto 15 washes and dry cleaning except for tulsi. Hence, the finishes prepared from the plant sources namely, lemongrass, silver oak, tulsi and henna can be successfully applied to proteinaceous fabrics to impart effective moth repellent property.
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    Impact of nonwoven mul ch mat developed from textile waste for vegetable crop
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2022) Arpana; Mahajan, Surabhi
    The present investigation was undertaken to study the impact of nonwoven mulch mat developed from textile waste for vegetable crop. The survey regarding mulching practices of farmers was purposively conducted in three agro-climatic zones of Punjab and two highly vegetable cultivated districts were selected from each zone. Fifteen farmers from each district were selected randomly and an interview schedule was used for collecting data. The results indicated that farmers frequently used plastic mulches in various vegetables but very few of them had knowledge about biodegradable mulches. For development of mulch mat samples, blending of waste fibres (cotton: polyester: acrylic) was done in 5 different ratios. All ratios were blended for 400 GSM and 4 mm thickness and the degradation and physical appearance of nonwoven mulch mat samples were taken into account for selection of two suitable mulch samples. Different GSM variations were developed for each selected ratio. Total of six mulches were thus developed and placed in the field at the Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Vegetable Science, PAU during 2019-20 and 2020-21 for final experiment on hybrid variety of chilli CH 27. The physical and mechanical properties and degradation characteristics of developed nonwoven mulch mats, temperature, moisture content (%) of soil, growth and yield characteristics of plant were recorded in both laboratory and field tests. The experimental data revealed that developed mulches successfully enhanced all crop parameters because of better moisture retention in the soil and the resulting weed growth was also very less. It is concluded that the most desirable ratio of cotton, polyester and acrylic waste for developing mulch mat was 70:20:10 with 200GSM and 3 mm thickness as maximum degradation, crop growth and yield has been observed for this ratio. The developed mats were cost effective and also had an advantage of being able to be used twice unlike plastic mulches.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Development of blended and union fabrics from eri and ramie fibre
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2022) Tamta, Meenakshi; Mahajan, Surabhi
    The present study was conducted to analyze the properties of yarns and fabrics developed by blending eri and ramie fibres at carding stagein 100:0, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 0:100 ratios. Blended yarn in 50:50 ratio was found optimum due to its excellent physical and mechanical properties. Blended fabric (B1) was constructed from optimumblend ratio whereas union fabrics (U-I and U-II) were constructed by the use of pure eri silk and ramie yarns. Fabric B1 exhibited excellent tensile and tearing strength, significantly improved abrasion resistance, bending length and good flexural rigidity. Union fabrics U-I and U-II had good elongation and air permeability along with nice drape. The construction cost of the blended fabric was found to be less as compared to the union fabrics. Total hand value of developed fabrics according to Kawabata Evaluation System showed that these were suitable for men’s and women’s dress material and suiting. Subjective evaluation by a panel of judges rated U-II fabric as excellent in comparison to U-I and B1. All the developed fabrics were also found suitable for home textiles. Three end products namely men’s jacket, men’s waist coat and a ladies top were constructed from different developed fabrics and these were found to be readily accepted byconsumers pointing towards their good commercial viability.