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ThesisItem Restricted Study of durability and temperature effect on compressive strength of concrete containing corn cob ash(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Komalpreet Singh; Jaspal SinghCarbon dioxide is emitted during manufacturing processes of cement. It can be reduced to some extent either by limiting the use of cement or by replacing it with other eco-friendly material within certain limits. The present study was conducted to replace the Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) with Corn Cob Ash (CCA) up to 20%. The workability, compressive strength, temperature effect and durability tests were conducted on concrete containing CCA. The use of CCA above 10% as a replacement of cement decreases the workability as well as the strength of concrete. Reduction in strength was small for the replacement level of 5% and 10%. The CCA as a replacement above 10% is not recommended as it affects the strength of concrete. The compressive strength of all mixes increases up to temperature of 300°C. Beyond this temperature, compressive strength decreases significantly for all the mixes. The serious deterioration has found at 600°C. Durability test was conducted at 3% and 5% concentration of sulphuric acid. Increase in acid concentration deteriorates the compressive strength of normal as well as CCA concrete. The increase in CCA content in concrete shows increase in its resistance to sulphuric acid at 3% concentration. The resistance of concrete to 5% H2SO4 solution decreases as CCA content increases in mixes. It can be seen that the curing age and addition of CCA content significantly affect the 28 days compressive strength at both normal and elevated temperature.ThesisItem Open Access Study of durability and mechanical properties of concrete using textile mill sludge and plasticizer(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Harpreet Kaur; Jaspal SinghGrowing population and life quality, both leads to high consumption of resources. High rate of consumption of resources generates a lot of waste materials. Improper management of waste materials causes various environmental problems. Textile Industries plays an important role in economy of a nation but on the other hand it generates a lot of waste materials through various processes. Textile industries generate a large amount of solid waste and its disposal creates many problems related to human health and our environment. The production of concrete utilizing industrial waste can help in reducing these environmental problems. In the present study the textile mill sludge was used as a replacement of fine aggregates in concrete. Plasticizer was added in concrete to improve the workability of concrete. A total of 342 concrete specimens were prepared by partial replacement of fine aggregates with textile mill sludge (5%, 15%, 25%, 35%, 45% and 55%) and with plasticizer (0.5% and 1% by weight of cement). The workability of concrete was tested by compaction factor test immediately after preparing the concrete mixes whereas the mechanical properties of concrete were checked after 7,14 and 28 days. The durability of concrete was checked after 28 days. The obtained results indicates that the workability of concrete decreases from medium to low with increase in content of textile mill sludge. The addition of both textile mill sludge (25%) and plasticizer (1%) in concrete gives maximum compressive strength and shows good durability results. Use of textile mill sludge decreases the cost of concrete upto 18.73%.ThesisItem Restricted Experimental investigation on rice husk ash-based geopolymer mortar containing nano-metakaolin(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Kamaldeep Kaur; Jaspal SinghGeopolymer is new class of cementitous materials, synthesized by mixing the almino-silicate sources with alkaline activating solution. It is an eco-friendly innovative alternative to cement which utilized various waste materials that are not reused in industries and urgent to dispose of. The rice husk ash is an agricultural waste which is suitable for geopolymerisation. In this study, influence of nano-metakaolin on rice husk ash based geopolymer has been investigated. Eighteen mixes of geopolymer were prepared with three different molar concentrations of alkaline activator (12M, 14M and 16M) and different proportion of nanometakaolin (0% to10% @2% increment). Thee compressive strength was tested after 3, 7, 14 and 28 days of curing. The X-ray diffraction test was performed on the rice husk ash, powdered sample of mixes K1, K7, K13 & K16. The powdered samples were collected from remnants of geopolymer after 28 days compressive strength test. The Results reveal that compressive strength of geopolymer increases for all curing ages when the concentration of alkaline activator is raised from 12M to 16M but the proportion of nano-metakaolin increases the strength up to certain limit. Beyond that there was reduction in compressive strength. The compressive strength results were accomplished by X-ray diffraction analysis. The geopolymer mortar prepared using 16M concentration of alkaline activator and 6% proportion of nano-metakaolin is recommended for the maximum compressive strength.ThesisItem Open Access Study on microstructure and pozzolonic properties of fly ash-based geopolymer mortar containing nanometakaolin(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Mandeep Kaur; Jaspal SinghGeopolymerization is a process that can transform alumina-silica rich waste materials into valuable binding materials through alkali activation. Geopolymer binding materials are mainly composed of two components: a source material and alkaline activator liquid. The source material for geopolymer mortar and concrete should be rich in silica and alumina. In this study, fly ash-based geopolymer mortar was prepared by utilizing fly ash as a source material and the mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate as alkaline activator solution. The present experimental study shed a light on the fluctuations in compressive strength of fly ash-based geopolymer mortar by varying the molarity (M) of sodium hydroxide as 12M, 14M, 16M along with different proportions of nano-metakaolin (NMK) (0% to 10% @ 2% increment by weight of fly ash). The compressive strength was checked subsequently at curing ages of 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. X- ray diffraction test was performed on powder samples of fly ash, S1, S7, S13 and S15. The powder samples of S1, S7, S13 and S15 mix were collected from the remnants of geopolymer mortar specimens after 28 days compressive strength test. It has been observed that the increase in sodium hydroxide molarity and NMK proportion showed considerable improvement in compressive strength of geopolymer mortar at all curing ages. Further, it has been observed that optimum gain in compressive strength is at the 16M molarity of sodium hydroxide containing 4% proportion of NMK. XRD results are in conformity with compressive strength test results.ThesisItem Open Access Characteristics of no sand pervious concrete containing plasticizer(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Karan Pratap Singh; Jaspal SinghHigh strength concrete plays an important role in development of urbanization. Due to impermeable concrete pavements, water cannot percolate to the ground water table. Hence, in this study we emphasized on pervious concrete pavements as an alternate to the situation. In present study, no sand pervious concrete was casted using plasticizer with aggregates of different sizes ranging from 4.75mm to20mm.Compressive strength, density, permeability, workability, void ratio and porosity of mixes were study and analyzed on 14, 28 and 56 days of curing. Workability of most of the mixes ranges from low to medium. Compressive strength of all the mixes ranges from 5.41 N mm-2 to19.92 N mm-2. Void ratio of all the mixes was very high ranges from 0.089 to 0.380. Porosity of all the mixes comes out to be very high as void ratio is high, ranges from 8.9% to27.5%. Density of pervious concrete is low as compared to normal concrete due to high porosity. The average density of all mixes is calculated as 2064.92 kg/m3. The density of all mixes is in the range 1917.04 to 2133.33 kg/m3. Concrete with high permeability can be made as permeability of all the mixes ranges between 0.31to 15.76 m/hr. Mix with aggregate proportion of 33.3% each and plasticizer at 0.5% is one of the good mix with good permeability and adequate strength. Therefore, pervious concrete can be applied to both pavements and footpaths where less strength of concrete is required.ThesisItem Open Access Study on the performance of concrete using waste glass and sugarcane bagasse ash(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Gurjit Singh; Jaspal SinghDuring cement production, emission of CO2 has significant impact on environment. Apart from this, extraction of natural aggregates and generation of industrial, agricultural and domestic waste also leads to environment degradation. The use of these waste materials not only helps to reduce the use of natural resources also helps to mitigate the environment pollution. The basic objective of this research is to investigate the effect of Waste Glass (WG) as partial replacement of fine aggregates and Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SCBA) as partial replacement of cement in concrete. This study primarily deals with the characteristics of concrete, including compressive strength, workability and thermal stability of all concrete mixes at elevated temperature. Twenty five mixes of concrete were prepared at different replacement levels of WG (0%, 10%, 20%, 30% & 40%) with fine aggregates and SCBA (0%, 5%, 10%, 15% & 20%) with cement.The water/cement ratio in all the mixes was kept at 0.55. The workability of concrete was tested immediately after preparing the concrete whereas the compressive strength of concrete was tested after 14, 28 and 60 days of curing. Based on the test results, a combination of 10% WG and 10% SCBA is the most significant for high strength and economical concrete. This research also indicates that the contribution of WG and SCBA doesn’t change the thermal properties of concrete.