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ThesisItem Open Access Chemistry of Substituted Pyarzolines of Alantolides their Evlaluation as Plant Growth Regulations(College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2006) Kaur, Harpreet; Chhabra, BRThesisItem Open Access Synthesis, Chemical and Biological Studies of Conjugated Aldimines(College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2006) Kaur, Harpreet; Rai, MangatThesisItem Open Access Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Imines of Aminoacetophenone(College of Basic Science and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2009) Ramandeep, Kaur; Rai, MangatThesisItem Open Access Adsorption and desorption characteristics of imazamox in soils of Punjab(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Saini, Amita; Pervinder KaurThe adsorption-desorption behaviour of imazamox in three Punjab soils was evaluated using the batch equilibrium technique. The adsorption- desorption kinetics of imazamox were found to be a two step processand was well described by pseudo second order kinetic model. On the basis of the measured R2 values, the adsorption data fitted well in Freundlich model (R2> 0.998) followed by Langmuir (R2>0.981) followed by Temkin (R2>0.870) and D-R (R2>0.447). KFads ranged from 1.358 to 2.148 μg1−1/n g−1ml1/n indicating that imazamox has weak adsorption capacity that varied significantly with the concentration, temperature and properties of soil. KFdes was found to be higher as compared to KFads for the studied soils. Desorption of imazamox was hysteretic in all the studied soils and hysteresis coefficient varied from 0.001 to 0.015. Thermodynamic analysis showed that imazamox adsorption onto soils was a feasible, spontaneous and exothermic process which becomes more favourable at low temperature.ThesisItem Open Access Synthesis and characterization of zinc sulfide (zns) nano aqua-emulsions for their antifungal evaluation against phytopathogenic fungi(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Navdeep Kaur; AnjaliZinc sulfide nanoparticles in aqua-dispersed form were prepared by reaction of zinc acetate with sodium sulfide by sonochemical method. Zinc ion and sulfide ion coated ZnS nanoparticles were prepared in different molar ratios of ion to ZnS nanoparticles. The products were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). All the synthesized samples of zinc sulfide nanoparticles were screened for their in vitro antifungal potential against various phytopathogenic fungi viz. C. capsici, P. drechsleri, P. cubensisand P. parasiticaby applying spore germination inhibition technique, using Copper Oxychloride and Metalaxyl-M + Mancozebas a standard for comparison of the results. The prepared samples exhibited excellent broad spectrum inhibitory activity against all the test fungi, at concentration as low as 5μg/ml, which was multifold lower than the standards used. ZnS:Zn+2(1:5) exhibited better results among all samples.ThesisItem Open Access Chemistry and antimycotic potential of mentha based shellac coatings against penicillium digitatum of kinnow fruit(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Harpreet Kaur; Tandon, RituThe present study deals with chemistry and antimycotic potential of Mentha based shellac coatings against Penicillium digitatum of kinnow fruit. Essential oil (EO) of two species of Mentha viz. Mentha piperita and Mentha arvensis was extracted using Clevenger-type apparatus. Per cent yield of essential oil of M. arvensis (2.8%) was found higher than M. piperita (2.1%) Compositional analysis of M. piperita essential oil by GC-MS revealed presence of 51 compounds. M. piperita EO exhibited better antimycotic potential than M. arvensis EO against P. digitatum. Hence, Process of nanoemulsion (NE) development of M. piperita EO was optimized for parameters such as oil and surfactant ratio (v/v) with three sonication times (ST) with the help of probe ultrasonicator. Effect of surfactant concentration and sonication time on droplet diameter and electrical conductivity was studied. Nanoemulsion of 1:0.5 ratio of oil and surfactant with 20 min ST exhibited smallest droplet diameter as well as maximum stability at refrigerator temperature (4°C) than ambient temperature (25°C) over the storage period of 2 months. M. piperita based shellac nanoemulsions were prepared for the best.1:0.5 (v/v) oil and surfactant ratio. NE with 15 minute ST showed more effective inhibition (96.0%) against P. digitatum in comparison to other nanoemulsions as well as pure M. piperita EO (71.0%). Optical and SEM results showed morphological changes in treated fungus. Nanoshellac coating showed maximum inhibition at par with the standard Carbendazim.ThesisItem Open Access Structural and magnetic properties of ferric oxide-silica core-shell nanocomposite and its application for removal of cd (ii) ion(2018) Jaskirat Kaur; Manpreet KaurStructural and magnetic properties of ferric oxide-silica core-shell nanocomposites were investigated for facile removal of Cd(II) ions from water. Silica (SiO2), ferric oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles, Fe2O3@SiO2 and SiO2@Fe2O3 coreshell nanocomposites were synthesized by modified Stober’s method, co-precipitation method, surfactant assisted sonication method and surfacant assisted direct precipitation of SiO2 on the surface of Fe2O3 NPs respectively. Techniques viz. X-ray diffractiion pattern (XRD), Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and FT-IR spectroscopy were invastigated. The effect of different reaction parameters including adsorbent dose, temperature, contact time, pH, initial metal ion concentration of Cd(II) was studied. Optimum pH for adsorption was 6. With the increase of temperature, the removal efficiency of synthesized adsorbents for Cd(II) ions increased up to 55ºC and then decreased. Values of ΔGo found to be negative for all the adsorbents, indicating spontaneous nature of adsorption process. While, positive values of ΔH and ΔS for all adsorbents indicated the endothermic nature of adsorption process. The trend for the percentage removal of Cd(II) in the descending order was Fe2O3@SiO2 > Fe2O3 > SiO2@Fe2O3 > SiO2. The trend for the fitting of adsorption isotherms in descending order was Freundlich > Langmuir > Tempkin > D-R isotherms. The adsorption followed pseudo second order kinetics. The advantage of nanocomposites is enhancement of adsorption potential due to presence of Fe2O3 along with SiO2. The results signified that core-shell reversal is effective way of tailoring the properties of nanocomposites.ThesisItem Open Access Synthesis of nicotinic acid derivatives and their evaluation against root knot nematode(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Jain, Nisha; Utreja, DivyaSeven amide derivatives of nicotinic acid were synthesized by condensation reaction of nicotinic acid adsorbed on silica gel with different aromatic amines. The characterization of synthesized derivatives was done using 1H NMR, 13C NMR and IR spectroscopy. The resulted compounds were also screened for their nematicidal activity against root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita by egg hatching and mortality test. All the compounds exhibited significant nematicidal potential as compared to control. Maximum egg hatching inhibition potential was exhibited by N-(4-bromophenyl)nicotinamide while N-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)nicotinamide showed maximum mortality potential.ThesisItem Open Access Synthesis of novel 1,2,4-triazolosulfonamides as antifungal agents against phytopathogenic fungi(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Lovepreet Kaur; AnajliA series of 1,2,4-triazolosulfonamides was synthesized by microwave irradiation method in excellent yield, using sulfonyl chlorides and 1,2,4-triazoles as starting materials. The products were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and screened for their antifungal potential against various phytopathogenic fungi viz. Alternaria alternata, Curvularia lunata, and Helminthosporium oryzae by poisoned food technique in terms of ED50 values. The synthesized compounds displayed moderate to significant activity. Among all test compounds, 4-Methyl-N-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzenesulfonamide (4) and 4-Methyl-N-(4H- 1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (7) showed best antifungal activity against all test fungi with respective ED50 values 4.0 and 3.4 μg ml-1 against Alternaria alternata, 2.3 and 2.0 μg/ml against Curvularia lunata and 3.5 and 3.0 μg/ml against Helminthosporium oryzae, multifold lower than the standard fungicides used, Tilt and Captan. The results were rationalized on the basis of in silico analysis viz. Toxicity analysis, Docking analysis and Lipinski parameters.