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ThesisItem Open Access Morpho-physiological characterization of Mexican wheat landraces for traits of Economic importance(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Ankita; Sarlach, R.S.The present research work on “Morpho-physiological characterization of Mexican wheat landraces for traits of Economic importance” was carried out to explore the genetic diversity of landraces for drought and salinity stress tolerance. The study was carried out at wheat laboratory and experimental area of Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during 2015-16 and 2016-17. A set of 1161 Mexican wheat landraces was procured from CIMMYT, Mexico and was sown in field in augmented block design. The landraces set was narrowed down to a smaller set on the basis of their yield potential and seed availability. Selected 177 Mexican wheat landraces were subjected to salinity and drought stress conditions. To find the salinity stress tolerance among Mexican wheat landraces, they were subjected to different concentration of sodium chloride (0, 25mM, 50mM, 75mM, 100mM, 125mM and 150mM) in laboratory. Among different concentration of NaCl, 125mM was found to be the optimum dose for screening. Similarly, to find the drought stress tolerance among Mexican wheat landraces, these were subjected to different concentration of PEG (6000) 0 (control), 2%, 4% 6% 8%,10%,12%,14%,16% and 18%.Dose of 14% was found to be the optimum dose for further screening. The landraces selected from the laboratory screening at seedling level were further evaluated for drought stress (irrigated, restricted irrigated and rainfed conditions) and salinity stress tolerance (Rajpura and Rattakhera, Sri Muktsar Sahib) under actual field conditions and in pots with simulated salinity stress conditions (control, 120mM and 240mM NaCl).The soil of Sri Muktsar Sahib was slightly alkaline having pH 8.1 and high EC (0.948 dS/m). The district contains high salinity and water logged area. And the soil of Rajpura was alkaline having pH 8.5 and high EC (1.97 dS/m). The landraces MICH89.4.28, MICH89.5.5, VERY LATE, HGO94.10.7, MEX94.19.52 performed well under actual field and simulated salinity stress conditions. The drought stress was created by withholding of irrigations (rainfed conditions) pre-irrigation before sowing and subjected to rainfall for water requirements, irrigated conditions (regular recommended irrigation) and restricted (1-2 irrigation after sowing). The morpho-physiological data was recorded. The landraces TXL92.1.1.58, PBL94.14.17, HGO94.5.124, HGO94.5.130, HGO94.9.2.29 and HGO94.8.113 performed well under drought stress conditions. These landraces can be used for introgressing the salt and drought tolerance traits into commercial wheat cultivars for development of tolerant wheat varieties.