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20182
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Subject: Botany × Author: Amandeep Kaur × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    Genetic diversity analysis using morphological and molecular markers in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Amandeep Kaur; Nirmaljit Kaur
    Genetic diversity for different morphological traits and molecular markers of 26 eggplant genotypes including 6 hybrids was conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during 2016-2018. The genotypes were characterized on the basis of 34 morphological (21 quantitative and 13 qualitative) traits and 70 SSR markers. On the basis of different quantitative traits by using Mahalanobis D2 statistic, the eggplant genotypes were grouped into six clusters with the maximum genotypes in cluster I (13 genotypes) and minimum in cluster IV and VI (one genotype in each). The maximum inter-cluster distance in quantitative traits was in cluster IV and VI (1328.581) which indicated that the genotypes in these clusters were highly diverse from each other. The minimum inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster I and II (368.376). The intra-cluster distance was maximum in cluster III (267.497) with four genotypes. The intracluster distance for the clusters IV and VI was 0.00, because of single genotype in each of these clusters. On the basis of qualitative traits, the eggplant genotypes were grouped in six clusters and the inter-cluster distances varied between15.78 to 56.43. The maximum cluster distance was in cluster IV and VI (56.431) which indicated that the genotypes in cluster IV (93SN-22-1-1-2) and VI (P-67) were highly diverse from each other. The minimum cluster distance was in cluster III and VI (15.781). The intra-cluster distance for the clusters VI and V was 0.00, because of single genotype in each of these clusters. The intra-cluster distance was maximum in cluster II (12.716) with six genotypes. Forty polymorphic markers amplified, a total of 102 alleles with an average of 2.55 alleles per locus were observed. A maximum of five alleles were amplified by emi03K06 marker. Polymorphic information content (PIC) value ranged from 0.07 to 0.78 with an average of 0.50. The highest PIC value was recorded by emi03K06 (0.78) whereas, it was minimum in emf01L14 (0.07). UPGMA based (similarity coefficient) analysis classified the eggplant genotypes into 4 clusters. Cluster I was further divided into 3 groups (IA, IB and IC). Cluster II (SC-15-2) and IV (BH-2) consisted of one genotype in each cluster. Cluster III contained two genotypes (BL-216 and BR-109). The eggplant genotypes with desirable traits can be used for successful breeding programme.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Deciphering Morpho-physiological traits for drought tolerance of Iranian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Amandeep Kaur; Sarlach, R.S.
    The present research work on “Deciphering Morpho-physiological traits for drought tolerance of Iranian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces’’ was carried out to explore the genetic diversity of landraces for drought stress tolerance. The study was carried out at wheat laboratory and experimental area of Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics , Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during two successive growing seasons of 2015-2016 and 2016-2017.To find water stress tolerance among Iranian landraces, they were subjected to different concentration of Polyethylene glycol (2%, 4%, 6%,8%,10%,14%, 16% and 18%). Among these different concentration14% PEG was found to be the suitable dose for screening, stress induced by using 14% PEG solution was best to highlight the differences in the set of germplasm.At16% and 18% most of the lines not germinated .After screening of whole set of Iranian landraces 27 landraces were selected on the basis of vigor index and evaluated under field conditions i.e. Irrigated, restricted irrigated and rain-fed conditions. The experiment was carried out in RBD design with two replications Drought environment was created by with holding of irrigation. Morpho-physiological data on plant height, tillers per meter row length, spikelet per spike, grains per spike grain yield, thousand grain weight, harvest index, chlorophyll content, stay green habit were recorded. On the basis of performance of Iranian lines under field conditions ,IWA 8600064, IWA 8600179 and PETTERSON ML68-10 considered as water stress tolerant on the basis of spikelet per spike, grains per spike thousand grain weight, grain yield and harvest index. The identified landraces can be included in future breeding programmes for the wheat improvement for drought prone areas.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SCREENING OF AGRO-PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS FOR THERMOTOLERANCE IN WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)
    (PAU) Amandeep Kaur
    Field and laboratory experiments were conducted at PAU, Ludhiana during rabi season 2006-07, to find out suitable agro-physiological traits for screening thermotolerance and relationship between yield and quality parameters in wheat. The five wheat varieties namely PBW-502, PBW-343, WH-542, PBW-509 and Raj-3765 were sown at five dates at weekly interval starting from 7th November. The Thermal unit (GDD) accumulated more during reproductive stages than those from vegetative stages in all the varieties. This shows that rising temperature after anthesis is associated with grain filling and crop maturity. The cv. PBW-343 had higher grain yield (51.44 q ha-1) due to its higher dry matter partitioning to spike at anthesis stage (0.31 g), crop growth rate after anthesis (6.75 mg cm-2 day-2), number of spike m-2 (523.60), 1000 grain weight (33.01 g) and chlorophyll content at milky stage (0.967 mg g-1 FW) followed by cv. WH-542. With delay in sowing from 7th Nov. to 6th Dec., grain yield declined by 34.43, 37.89, 36.49, 28.89 and 33.16% in cvs. PBW-502, PBW-343, WH-542, PBW-509 and Raj-3765 respectively. The regression model showed significant positive correlation between grain yield and GDD accumulated during watery ripe (r=0.854), hard dough (r=0.849), anthesis (r=0.833) and physiological maturity (r=0.815) stages. The correlation coefficient analysis also showed significant positive relationship between grain yield and physiological traits i.e. 1000-grain weight (r=0.9304), partitioning to spike at anthesis (r=0.8948), biological yield (r=0.8922), number of grains per spike (r=0.8351) and number of effective tillers m-2 (r=0.8323). Under late sown conditions, the amylose-amylopectin ratio increased and this character can be correlated with the superior end-use quality of grains. These results indicated that number of effective tillers, leaf area index, pre-anthesis dry matter production, partitioning to spike at anthesis, grain growth duration, number of spikes m-2, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, chlorophyll content at milky stage and thermal use efficiency which can be used as an index for screening thermotolerance in wheat cultivars.