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ThesisItem Open Access Effect of salicylic acid on antioxidant defense system on berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) against cold stress(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Harpreet Kaur; Goyal, MeenakshiThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of salicylic acid (SA) pretreatment on antioxidant system in berseem under cold stress. Berseem seeds were (var. BL42 and BL-10) primed with water (control) and different concentrations of SA (25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 µg/ml) for 4 hours. Soaked seeds were germinated on moist filter papers in petri plates at 25°C in two different sets. After germination of three days one set of petri plates was exposed to cold stress (5°C) for five days and other set was remained at 25°C. Physiological and biochemical parameters were observed in root and shoot samples after seven days of germination. Higher vigor index was obtained at 50 and 75 µg/ml of SA pretreatment. SA pretreatment enhanced root and shoot length, fresh weight uptill 100 µg/ml and then decreased at 125 µg/ml of SA. Pretreatment with 50 and 75 µg/ml of SA showed higher increase in antioxidant enzyme (CAT, APX, GR, GPX and SOD) activities. SA pretreatment of 50 to 100 µg/ml concentrations resulted in upregulation of non-enzymatic antioxidants under both normal and cold conditions. Biochemical metabolites such as total protein, proline and total phenol were differentially affected by different salicylic acid treatments under cold stress. SA alleviated the adverse effect of cold stress by decreasing lipid peroxidation and H2O2 content in berseem seedlings. So SA pretreatment ameliorated the cold stress in berseem by upregulating enzymatic antioxidants, non-enzymatic antioxidants and biochemical metabolites.