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2003 - 200932020 - 20231
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Subject: Agronomy × Author: Mandeep Kaur × Start date: 2003 ×
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    Effect of planting methods and moisture conservation practices on growth, yield and quality of rainfed maize (Zea mays L.) in Shivalik region of Punjab
    (Punjab Agricultural University, 2023) Mandeep Kaur; Khokhar, Anil Kumar
    The present study entitled *Effect of planting methods and moisture conservation practices on growth, yield and quality of rainfed maize (Zea mays L.) in Shivalik region of Punjab'' was conducted at Punjab Agricultural University-Regional Research Station Ballowal Saunkhri and AICRPDA-NICRA project on farm experiment site at Village Achalpur, Block Garhshanker, District Hoshiarpur, during kharif 2020. The field experiment was conducted in split plot design with four planting methods viz. flat planting, ridge planting, bed planting and conservation furrow planting) as main plot and three moisture conservation practices viz. no interculture, locally available vegetative material (munja, nara, vetiver, babbar grass and sugarcane) straw mulch @6t ha' and earthing up as sub plot treatments using PMH- 1 variety of maize. The 12 treatment combinations were replicated thrice resulting in total 36 experimental plots. Among various planting methods, bed planting and ridge planting gave significantly higher grain yield at Ballowal Saunkhri (33.8 qha and 30.7 qha', respectively) and at Achalpur (40.3 qha' and 37.5, respectively) which a respective increase of 20.7 per cent and 12.7 per cent at Ballowal Saunkhri and31.3 per cent and 26.1 per cent at Achalpur over flat sowing. Moisture conservation practices also influenced maize grain yield significantly, with earthing up resulting in significantly higher grain yield of 33.5 qha' at Ballowal Saunkhri and 37.8 q ha' Achalpur with respective increase of 27.5 per cent and 24.1 per cent over no interculture. Among quality parameters, planting methods as well as moisture conservation practices have no significant effect on protein content in maize grain. Sugar and starch content were significantly affected under earthing up and straw mulch @6t ha' and with bed planting. Bed planting gave highest net returns of Rs. 31657 ha' at Ballowal Saunkhri and Rs. 44670 ha at Achalpur with respective B: C ratio of 1.84 and 2.16 followed by ridge planting system which gave net returns of Rs 27094 and Rs 41137 at Ballowal Saunkhri and Achalpur with respective B: C ratio of 1.75 and 2.11. Among moisture conservation practices, earthing up gave Rs 10475 and Rs 10101 per hectare higher net returns than no interculture at Ballowal Saunkhri and Achalpur, respectively. In conclusion, bed planting or ridge planting and earthing up at knee high stage proved beneficial in the increasing productivity and improving the quality of rainfed maize in Shivalik region of Punjab.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of planting pattern and straw management on herbicide persistence, productivity and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and onion (Allium cepa L.)
    (unjab Agricultural University, 2009) Mandeep Kaur; U.S. Walia
    inconsistent encouragement over the years. The constant affection, eternal blessings and good wishes of elder sister Monia and brothers Balpreet Singh, Harpreet Saini and Randeep Singh and Bhabhi Gurtinder Kaur & Rajwinder Kaur could never be forgotten and would be retained in deeper depths of my interiors. My soulful gratitude to my betterhalf Dr. Jaspreet Singh Saini for his indefinite love, good wishes, support and insist of completion of my studies. This work would not have been accomplished without the constant encouragement, warm blessings and intimate help bestowed upon me by Dr. Navneet Kaur and Mandeep Singh and all the members of my loving in-laws. The constructive moral support and affection received from my divine father-in-law S. Amarjit Singh Saini and mother-in-law Smt. Prabhjot Kaur Saini needs a special mention in the completion of the present studies. How can I forget Tejveer, Yuvneil & Mehtaj whose innocent faces and cheerful cries always enlightened my momentum.
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    Effect of planting pattern and straw management on herbicide persistence, productivity and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and onion (Allium cepa L.)
    (PUNJAB AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2009) Mandeep Kaur
    The field experiment on “Effect of planting pattern and straw management on herbicide persistence, productivity and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and onion (Allium cepa L.)” was conducted at the experimental field of PAU, Ludhiana during rabi seasons of 2006-07 and 2007-08. The studies reveal that growth and development of P. minor were slightly reduced under Happy Seeder sown crop and zero till sowing in standing stubbles than bed sowing, zero tillage after burning and conventional tillage after partial burning. Growth parameters, yield attributes and grain yield of wheat were not significantly influenced by different planting patterns. Conventional tillage and bed sowing treatments slightly improved the physical properties of soil. Application of sulfosulfuron 25 g ha-1 , mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron 12 g ha-1 and pinoxaden 50 g ha-1 significantly reduced the growth and development of P. minor and hence significantly increased grain yield of wheat than unweeded (control). Hectolitre weight, sedimentation value and protein content of wheat grain under different planting patterns were non-significant. Hectolitre weight and sedimentation value were significantly higher in herbicidal treatments than control. Residues of sulfosulfuron 25 g ha-1 , mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron 12 g ha-1 and pinoxaden 50 g ha-1 were detected at 1 day after spray in soil at depth 0-15 cm but residues of herbicides were not detected in soil at other observational periods and in grain and straw at harvest. The highest microbial population was observed under zero till sowing with Happy Seeder followed by zero till sowing in standing stubbles among planting patterns and in unsprayed plots among weed control treatments at all observational period. There was decrease in viable microbial counts at 15 days after spray and further the microbial population started to regain. The bulb yield of onion crop was not significantly influenced with planting patterns and rice straw incorporation levels. However, onion transplanted after rice straw incorporation yielded higher in flat sowing followed by bed sowing techniques. During both the years, application of oxyfluorfen 0.225 kg ha-1 recorded the maximum bulb diameter (60, 90 DAT and at uprooting time) which was statistically at par with pendimethalin 0.75 kg ha-1 and two hand weedings and these treatments were found to be significantly better than fluchloralin 1.125 kg ha-1 and unweeded (control). Application of oxyfluorfen 0.225 kg ha-1 gave the highest bulb yield which was statistically at par with pendimethalin 0.75 kg ha-1 and two hand weedings. These treatments proved significantly better than fluchloralin 1.125 kg ha-1 and unweeded (control) treatment. Also, bulb yield produced by fluchloralin 1.125 kg ha-1 was significantly better than unweeded (control). Soil samples of oxyfluorfen 0.225 kg ha-1, pendimethalin 0.75 kg ha-1 and fluchloralin 1.125 kg ha-1 treated plots taken 1 day after spray showed residues of respective herbicides. Samples of onion bulbs at 30, 60, 90 days after spray and at uprooting stage showed no residues of applied herbicides. The highest microbial population was observed under flat and bed sowing after rice straw incorporation treatments and unsprayed plots among weed control treatments at all observational period. There was decrease in viable microbial counts at 15 days after spray as compared to that at 0 day after spray and further the microbial poatiopuln started to regain.