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Subject: Agronomy × Author: Hasam, Hasamuddin × End date: 2024 × Start date: 2020 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Weed management in organically grown basmati rice-durum wheat cropping system.
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2020) Hasam, Hasamuddin; Simerjeet Kaur
    The present study on “Weed management in organically grown basmati rice-durum wheat cropping system” was conducted at Students’ Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during Kharif 2017 and 2018 and Rabi 2017-18 and 2018-19. Nine non-chemical weed control treatments were tested along with one conventional agriculture treatment using herbicide metsulfuron + carfentrazone 25 g ha-1 as a post emergence in wheat and pretilachlor 750 g ha-1 as pre emergence in rice crop. Conventional and deep tillage with green manure seed rates at 50, 75 and 100 kg ha-1 plus 25% higher plant density and one hand pulling, and weedy and weed free treatments were tested in puddled basmati rice (Pusa basmati 1121); while conventional tillage and deep tillage with 50% higher plant densities, zero tillage with and without residues, straw mulch at 6 t ha-1 and bed planting plus 25% higher plant density followed by hand pulling, and weed free treatments were studied in durum wheat (WHD 943). The lowest number of seeds of Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Echinochloa colona, Trianthema portulacastrum and Cyperus iria in rice and Anagallis arvensis, Medicago denticulate, Rumex dentatus, Chenopodium album and Phalaris minor in durum wheat was recorded mostly in upper soils (0-15 cm) in conventional tillage whereas in deep tillage most of seeds were displaced to deeper layer (1530 cm) in both basmati rice and durum wheat. Population of E. colona and Eclipta alba were found lower in all weed control treatments as compared to weedy check but grain yield of rice was found statistically at par among all treatments. In durum wheat, weed density and biomass were found lower in bed planting treatment during both years of study as compared to rest of treatments. Different weed control practices comprising of tillage, green manuring, plant density and straw mulching have non-significant effect on quality of basmati and durum wheat. The maximum grain yields were obtained from weedfree and bed planting with 25% more plant density followed by hand pulling.