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2016 - 20174
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Subject: Agroforestry × End date: 2017 × Start date: 2016 ×
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    Improvement of propagation technology in Populus deltoides Bart. under nursery condition
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Sourav Kumar; Saralch, Harmeet Singh
    The present study entitled ‘Improvement of propagation technology in Populus deltoides Bart. under nursery condition’ was carried out at the Experimental area of Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during the year 2016-17. The study was conducted to know the suitable time of transplanting, polythene bag size and cutting size and to evaluate the growth parameters of plants under nursery conditions. Two cutting sizes i.e. large 15cm and small 10cm and two polythene bag sizes i.e. large 12cm x 7cm and small 8cm x 4cm were used in the present investigation. First transplanting was done in the first week of May and second transplanting in the first week of June. The observations were recorded for survival per cent and various growth parameters of populus deltoides under nursery conditions i.e. plant height, collar diameter, root length, root spread, shoot fresh and dry biomass. The survival per cent was more in the treatment T1 (May transplant + Large polythene bags + Large sized cutting) as compare to the other treatment combinations. Size of polythene bags influenced the growth of plants. It was noticed from the data that cuttings which were raised in large polythene bags (12cm x 7cm) showed better growth as compared to the cuttings raised in small polythene bags (8cm x 4cm). Cutting length and time of transplanting also had a pronounced significant effect on the growth parameters. The large size cuttings (15cm) raised in large polythene bags (12cm x 7cm) and transplanted in the month of May was found to best in comparison to all other treatment in the study. In general, the growth of plant was better in control except survival per cent.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Socio-economic Impact of Agroforestry in Ludhiana district
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Satwinder Singh; Avtar Singh
    The present study was conducted in Ludhiana district to find out the socio-economic impact of agroforestry and non-agroforestry adopters. From the Ludhiana district, 52 agroforestry and 52 non-agroforestry adopters were selected for the present study. The social and economic profile of the farmers was evaluated by asking them to fill a questionnaire and personal interviews. The impact of socio-economic factors was assessed adopting standard methodology. Result pertaining to adoption of agroforestry revealed that major part (48.08%) of adopters were graduate or above, mass media exposure was higher (82.69%) among adopters and operational land holdings were also large (36.53%). The other social factors like family type, extension contacts, residential area, livestock and presence of physical assets also reported differences among adopters and non-adopters. The economic analysis of poplar with wheat as intercrop in agroforestry system was more economical than pure cropping system during 2012-2017 except 2016 when high fluctuation in price of poplar was reported (Rs. 450 per quintal or less). Annuity value and Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) of agroforestry system was calculated to be higher than pure cropping system, during the year 2017, the BCR of agroforestry system was 4.32 whereas it was 3.31 for pure agriculture cropping system.
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    Clonal evaluation of Salix for growth parameters
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Samanpreet Singh; Sharma, Rajni
    Crop diversification from rice-wheat rotation has attracted the attention of government and farmers of Punjab due to continuous decrease in ground water table and deterioration of soil and water quality due to high use of agro-chemicals. The field trials were conducted during 2015-16 at two locations viz; University Seed Farm, Ladhowal, Ludhiana and Alamwala forest, Range Malout, Division Muktsar in central plane zone and south-western zones of Punjab respectively. Twenty-two willow clones were planted in randomized block design with three replications, to study the clonal variation among different clones for their growth parameters. The data for plant height, collar diameter, number of branches per plant, canopy spread, diameter at breast height and plant biomass were recorded. Soil sample taken from different depths (0-15cm, 15-30cm, 30-60cm and 60-90cm) showed that amount of N and P was low at both the sites. Amount of K was in medium range at these sites. All the characters under study at both the locations exhibited significant differences among different clones. Values were found between low to high for phenotypic variations and between moderate to high for genotypic variations. Heritability per cent was higher for plant height in both the sites. Genetic gain values were found in the range of low to high. On the basis of plant height and collar diameter, clones UHFS-1, UHFS-3 and UHFS-13 performed best at USF, Ladhowal with submerged conditions and clones UHFS-1 and UHFS-19 were best at Alamwala forest area. Clones UHFS-1 and UHFS-19 showed wider adaptability.
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    Evaluation of prevalent and new wheat varieties for their compatibility under poplar (Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.) plantation
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Virk, Jaspreet; Gill, R.I.S.
    Agroforestry is known to have the potential to mitigate the climate change through microclimate moderation and natural resources conservation in short run and through carbon sequestration in long run. In agroforestry, there is a need to develop economically viable treebased cropping system to improve the productivity, to restore the ecological balance and to enhance the socio-economic status of farmers. In this direction, a study to evaluate prevalent and new wheat varieties under block plantation of poplar was carried out during Oct 2015 to April 2016 at the Research area, Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. An experiment was laid out during first fortnight of November, 2015 with sowing of six wheat varieties viz. PBW 677, PBW 725, HD 3086 as new and PBW 658, HD 2967, WH 1105 as prevalent under three spacing of 4-year-old poplars. The spacing viz. 8 × 2.5 m (S1), 7 × 3 m (paired at 2.5 m; S2) and 5 × 3 m (S3) accommodated 500, 726 and 666 tree per hectare, respectively. All the wheat varieties were also sown in open for comparison of growth and yield parameters. Tree growth was significantly better in S1 spacing with DBH and height of 17.57 cm and 17.73 m, respectively. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and wheat growth parameters viz. tillers, dry matter accumulation and leaf area index were maximum in S1 spacing and minimum in S2. However, no significant difference in plant height was observed among spacing. Phenologically, HD 3086 was early to attain maturity under poplar while WH 1105 in open. On an average there was 28 per cent reduction in wheat grain yield under poplar plantation as compared to that in open. Major limiting factor affecting the grain yield is lower PAR under poplar. Grain yield was significantly higher in S1 (39.5 q/ha) followed by S3 and significantly lower in S2. Maximum grain yield was recorded in wheat variety PBW 725 (39.3 q/ha) followed by HD 3086 (37.4 q/ha) which was statistically at par with PBW 677 (36.4 q/ha). Harvesting index was maximum of variety HD 3086 (34.5%) under poplar where as in open it was maximum in wheat variety WH 1105. The uptake of N, P and K by wheat grain and straw was higher in open conditions than under the trees. N uptake was higher in grain while P and K uptake were higher in straw. In grain, N uptake was maximum in PBW 725 while that of P and K uptake was maximum in HD 3086. While in straw, maximum uptake of N and K was recorded in PBW 677 and P by WH 1105. However, the total uptake of N, P and K was maximum in wheat variety PBW 725, WH 1105 and PBW 677, respectively.