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20212
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Subject: Agricultural Physics and Meteorology × End date: 2021 × Start date: 2021 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    Effect of corn syrup impurity on dielectric properties and electrical conductivity of honey
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2021) Kehal, Kamaldeep Singh; Paramjit Singh
    The present work has been done to evaluate the effect of adulteration of corn syrup on dielectric properties and electrical conductivity of honey. Honey was adulterated at five different concentrations (10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%). All the measurements were taken at ten different frequencies (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 kHz) and five different temperatures (30º, 40º, 50º, 60º and 70º C). In addition to these parameters, density and viscosity were also determined at different temperatures. Dielectric constant decreased linearly with the increase in temperature, frequency and adulteration. Loss tangent increased linearly with increase in temperature and decreased exponentially with increase in frequency. Electrical conductivity increased linearly with the increase in temperature and frequency. Both loss tangent and electrical conductivity increased linearly with adulteration. Density decreased linearly with the increase in temperature and adulteration. Viscosity decreased exponentially with the increase in temperature and decreased linearly with the increase in adulteration. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance at 5% level of significance. These parameters were found to vary significantly with adulteration. The constants and coefficients of these parameters-corn syrup relationships for honey were obtained. The regression equations developed relating dielectric constant, loss tangent, electrical conductivity, density and viscosity had high correlation coefficient (R2 > 0.898).
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    Estimation of water content in maize (Zea mays L.) crop using beta radiation
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2021) Ramanpreet Kaur; Sharma, Rajeev Kumar
    A field experiment was set up in split-plot design to use the beta radiations for estimating the water content (WC) of maize (Zea mays L.). Maize was grown having three nitrogen contents i.e. 90 kg ha-1 (N1), 120 kg ha-1 (N2) and 150 kg ha-1 (N3), and each was replicated thrice. 204Tl and 60Co have been used as radioactive sources with 0.766 MeV and 0.316 MeV as end point energies. Logarithmic relative intensity versus thickness were plotted for the fresh and dry state of maize leaves for all treatments, and mass attenuation coefficient (µm) was determined to be used to evaluate WC. It was observed that µm is more for dry leaves than for fresh leaves. Maximum WC was found in N1 followed by N2 and minimum is in N3. The obtained values of WC by using beta attenuation are found in good agreement with the direct weighing method and comparable with relative leaf water content. The index of stress degree day was evaluated and found minimum for N3 treatment. Also, the highest grain yield was obtained for N3 treatment. The study revealed that increasing Nitrogen content can reduce stress due to more temperature and less irrigation. Considering the results, it was inferred that N3 treatment would be best management intervention for maize cultivation. Beta radiations was found useful for estimation of WC and can effectively be used in irrigation scheduling for saving water.