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20174
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Subject: Agricultural Meteorology × End date: 2017 × Start date: 2017 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Assessment and management of climatic variability impact on evapotranspiration and water productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Buttar, Parminder Singh; Kingra, P.K.
    The field experiment entitled, "Assessment and management of climatic variability impact on evapotranspiration and water productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)" was carried out at the Research Farm of the School of Climate Change and Agricultural Meteorology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana for two consecutive rabi seasons of 2015-16 and 2016-17. The field experiment comprising of 12 treatments was carried out in split plot design with 4 replications having three dates of sowing (D1- fourth week of October, D2- second week of November and D3- fourth week of November) in main plots, two irrigation treatments I1(IW/CPE = 0.9) and I2(CRI stage, 5-6 weeks after first irrigation, 3-4/5-6 weeks after 2nd irrigation, 2/4 weeks after 3rd irrigation as per date of sowing) as well as two mulch treatments M1(without mulch) and M2 (with rice straw mulch @ 5 t/ha ) in sub plots. The soil of the experimental site was sandy loam in texture with normal soil pH and electrical conductivity and low in organic carbon. Recommended cultural practices were followed according to the package of practices, Punjab Agricultural University except the experimental treatments. PAR interception was highest in D1 as compared to D2 and D3 and among irrigation and mulch treatments in I2 and M2. The canopy temperature was highest in D3 as compared to D1 and D2 and among irrigation and mulch in I1 and M1 treatments at reproductive growth stages of crop. The average evapotranspiration computed with soil moisture depletion method was higher in D1 (384.6 mm) as compared to D2 (370.4 mm) and D3 (347.2 mm) for 2015-16 and similarly for 2016-17 average evapotranspiration was higher in D1 (391.4 mm) as compared to D2 (377.6 mm) and D3 (368.6 mm). The average evapotranspiration was higher in crop season of 2016-17 as compared to 2015-16.For the crop season of 2015-16, the grain yield was significantly higher under the D1 (48.49 q/ha) as compared to D2 (46.49 q/ha) and D3 (41.58 q/ha). The grain yield was significantly higher under the I2 (47.33 q/ha) as compared to I1 (43.72 q/ha). For the crop season of 2016-17, the grain yield was significantly higher under the D1 (50.52 q/ha) as compared to D2 (48.08 q/ha) and D3 (42.95 q/ha). The grain yield was significantly higher under the I2 (49.66 q/ha) as compared to I1 (44.71 q/ha). However yield under D2 was statistically at par with D1 in both the years. Differences in mulch levels were non-significant in both the years. Simulation of the effect of increase in temperature and CO2 concentration on grain yield, evapotranspiration and water productivity conducted by modifying the crop environment by using the DSSAT-CERES wheat model showed a decrease in yield and water productivity and increase in ET with increase in the mean temperature but this decrease in yield can be compensated by simultaneous increase in CO2 concentration.
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Simulating the impact of climate change on evapotranspiration of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) using CROPWAT
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Saha, Sanu Kumar; Som Pal Singh
    Field experimentations on “Simulating the impact of climate change on evapotranspiration of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) using CROPWAT” was conducted at Research Farm, School of Climate Change and Agricultural Meteorology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during rabi 2016-17. ET requirements of barley for Gurdaspur was also computed by CROPWAT model using the input parameters. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications comprising of three sowing environments D1 (25th October), D2 (10th November), D3 (25th November); two varieties V1 (DWRUB-52) & V2 (PL-807) and three irrigation levels I1 (Recommended), I2 (Skip at vegetative stage) and I3 (Skip at anthesis stage). Growth parameters and yield attributes were higher in crop sown on 10th November as compared to 25th October and 25th November sown crop. DWRUB-52 performed better in terms of several growth parameters, yield components and water use efficiency as compared to PL-807. The 10th November sown crop produced grain yield (45.31 q/ha) much higher than 25th October (42.49 q/ha) and 25th November (37.95 q/ha) sown crop. Mean crop evapotranspiration computed with soil moisture depletion method was higher for 25th November sown crop (38.16 cm) followed by 25th October (37.11 cm) and 10th November (36.01 cm) sown crop. Reference crop evapotranspiration computed by CROPWAT was found higher for Ludhiana (2.74 mm day-1) than Gurdaspur (2.17 mm day-1). Irrigation requirement estimated by CROPWAT was maximum for Ludhiana (299 mm/dec) than Gurdaspur (173 mm/dec). The increasing temperature scenarios i.e. +0.5, +1.0, +1.5 and +2 0C were attempted to investigate the effect of Climate Change on ET requirement of Barley at Ludhiana and Gurdaspur. The elevated temperatures were found to increase the water requirement of barley on both the locations using CROPWAT 8.0.
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Effect of weather variability on phenology, growth and yield of wheat in Punjab
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Jashandeep Kaur; Dhaliwal, L.K.
    The present investigation entitled ‘Effect of weather variability on phenology, growth and yield of wheat in Punjab’ was carried out at the Research Farm, School of Climate Change and Agricultural Meteorology during 2016-17. The wheat variety HD-2967 was sown under three different dates of sowing (5th November, 20th November and 5th December) during rabi season 2016-17. The crop was sprayed with four foliar sprays of micro nutrient/ anti-transpirant (control, Foliar spray of ZnSo4 at anthesis (0.5%), KNO3 (0.5%) at 50% flowering and KNO3 (1.0%) at anthesis stage, Thio-urea 10 milimole at anthesis) and the experiment was laid out in split-spilt plot design. Micrometeorological data on photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) interception, relative humidity and canopy temperature were recorded at different phenological stages. The PAR interception (%) was higher at flag leaf stage in 5th November sown crop (90%) as compared to 20th November sown crop (89%) and 5th December sown crop (87.2%). The PAR interception (%) was slightly higher at soft dough stage (81.4 %) under Thio-urea treated plots in 5th November sown crop followed by 20th November sown crop (79.6 %) and 5th December sown crop (77.9 %). The micro nutrient spray with Thio-urea, potassium nitrate and zinc sulphate treated plots at anthesis showed low canopy temperature as compared to unsprayed or control. Higher leaf area index (LAI) was recorded in 5th November sown crop (4.29) as compared to 20th November sown crop (4.10) and 5th December sown crop (3.79) at 90 DAS. The grain yield was higher (52.8 q/ha) under 5th November followed by 20th November (50.0 q/ha) and 5th December sowing (45.5 q/ha). The numerically higher value of grain yield was obtained under Thio-urea treatments but all the micro nutrients/antitranspirants treatments were statistically at par with each other. Historical weather data indicates increasing trend in maximum and minimum temperature and decreasing trend in rainfall at Ludhiana and Ballowal Saunkhri ; increasing trend in minimum temperature and rainfall but decreasing trend for maximum temperature has been observed at Bathinda. Correlation coefficients between different meteorological parameters and grain yield of wheat indicates no clear cut relationship. Historical western disturbances data of Punjab indicates that number of western disturbances were increased during January, February and March during last five years and it showed negative correlation with wheat yield at Ludhiana and Ballowal Saunkhri. Maximum variability in wheat yield due to western disturbances was at Ludhiana as compared to Bathinda and Ballowal Saunkhri.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of elevated temperature regimes on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and its mitigation by agronomic management techniques
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Amandeep Kaur; Sidhu, Prabhjyot Kaur
    A field experiment was conducted within a temperature gradient tunnel (TGT: 30m x 5m x 3m) to investigate the effect of elevated temperature regimes on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and its mitigation by agronomic management techniques at the Research Farm, School of Climate Change and Agricultural Meteorology, PAU, Ludhiana during rabi, 2015-16. The experiment comprised of 54 treatments combinations viz. 6 temperature regimes (+3.0, +3.2, +3.3, +3.5 and +3.6oC), 3 wheat cultivars (WH-1105, PBW-550 and HD-2967) and 3 foliar spray treatment (No foliar spray, Water spray and Urea spray 3%). The data on micrometeorological parameters, phenology, periodic growth parameters, yield and yield attributes of wheat cultivars were recorded. The foliar spray of urea 3% and foliar spray of water were applied at the late jointing and grain filling stage. The results of the study indicate that plant height and spikelet sterility increased but grain and straw yield of wheat decreased significantly with rise in temperature within the TGT. The partitioning of photosynthates among the grain and straw yield were severely affected as is indicated by the changes in harvest index. Amongst the spray treatment, the urea spray reduced the negative effect of rise in temperature more effectively as compared to water and no spray treatment. The increase in rate of spikelet sterility, plant height and decrease in rate of yield / yield attributes of wheat cultivars was mitigate effectively by the urea spray treatment. The yield and yield attributes at elevated temperature regimes was decreased maximum in cv. PBW-550 followed by cv. WH-1105 and cv. HD-2967 from ambient conditions. Amongst the wheat cultivars, HD-2967 was most tolerant and PBW-550 was most susceptible to an increase in temperature. The results of the study indicate that under anticipated increase in temperature, cv. HD-2967 may be recommended for cultivation due to its tolerant growth traits towards maintaining its yield and yield attributes under high temperature condition which are the most important determinants of high productivity of a cultivar.