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ThesisItem Open Access Spatio-temporal variability in evapotranspiration and its prediction under future climate change scenarios in Trans-gangetic plains(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2021) Sukhbeer Kaur; Kingra, P. K.The study entitled, “Spatio-temporal variability in evapotranspiration and its prediction under future climate change scenarios in Trans-gangetic plains” was conducted at the Department of Climate Change and Agricultural Meteorology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. Reference evapotranspiration (ETO) for different districts of transgangetic plains was estimated by using Hargreaves-Samani method for the period 19702019 and for mid (2040-2060) and end-century (2075-2095) annually as well as for kharif and rabi season, which was used to estimate crop evapotranspiration (ETc), irrigation requirements (IR) and water productivity (WPET) for rice, wheat, maize and cotton crops. Annual ETO increased @ 1.23 mm/year during 1970-2019, @ 2.25 mm/year during midcentury and @ 2.10 mm/year during end-century for RCP 8.5. ETo increased @ 1.16 and 0.34 mm/year in kharif and @ 1.12 and 1.54 mm/year in rabi season during mid- and endcentury for RCP 8.5. Crop evapotranspiration increased significantly @ 0.61, 0.28, 0.74 and 0.49 mm/year during 1970-2019 for rice, wheat, cotton and maize respectively. For midcentury, crop evapotranspiration increased significantly under all the climate change scenarios being highest for RCP 8.5 @ 0.66, 0.63, 0.97 and 0.44 mm/year for rice, wheat, cotton and maize, respectively, during mid-century. However, for end-century, significant decrease was observed in ETc for RCP 2.6 for all crops. Similarly, irrigation requirements increased @ 0.48, 0.55, 0.72 and 0.28 mm/year for rice, wheat, cotton and maize, respectively, under RCP 8.5 during mid-century, but decreased significantly under RCP 2.6 during end century for all crops. Crop water productivity also increased significantly during 1970-2019 @ 0.04, 0.15 and 0.10 kg/ha/mm/year for rice, wheat and maize respectively. Both crop yield and water productivity were observed to decrease during mid-century and end-century with highest decrease under RCP 8.5 for all the crops. The study concluded that crop yield as well as water productivity will be severely affected due to climate change during mid and end-century.
