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ThesisItem Open Access Assessment and management of climatic variability impact on evapotranspiration and water productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Buttar, Parminder Singh; Kingra, P.K.The field experiment entitled, "Assessment and management of climatic variability impact on evapotranspiration and water productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)" was carried out at the Research Farm of the School of Climate Change and Agricultural Meteorology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana for two consecutive rabi seasons of 2015-16 and 2016-17. The field experiment comprising of 12 treatments was carried out in split plot design with 4 replications having three dates of sowing (D1- fourth week of October, D2- second week of November and D3- fourth week of November) in main plots, two irrigation treatments I1(IW/CPE = 0.9) and I2(CRI stage, 5-6 weeks after first irrigation, 3-4/5-6 weeks after 2nd irrigation, 2/4 weeks after 3rd irrigation as per date of sowing) as well as two mulch treatments M1(without mulch) and M2 (with rice straw mulch @ 5 t/ha ) in sub plots. The soil of the experimental site was sandy loam in texture with normal soil pH and electrical conductivity and low in organic carbon. Recommended cultural practices were followed according to the package of practices, Punjab Agricultural University except the experimental treatments. PAR interception was highest in D1 as compared to D2 and D3 and among irrigation and mulch treatments in I2 and M2. The canopy temperature was highest in D3 as compared to D1 and D2 and among irrigation and mulch in I1 and M1 treatments at reproductive growth stages of crop. The average evapotranspiration computed with soil moisture depletion method was higher in D1 (384.6 mm) as compared to D2 (370.4 mm) and D3 (347.2 mm) for 2015-16 and similarly for 2016-17 average evapotranspiration was higher in D1 (391.4 mm) as compared to D2 (377.6 mm) and D3 (368.6 mm). The average evapotranspiration was higher in crop season of 2016-17 as compared to 2015-16.For the crop season of 2015-16, the grain yield was significantly higher under the D1 (48.49 q/ha) as compared to D2 (46.49 q/ha) and D3 (41.58 q/ha). The grain yield was significantly higher under the I2 (47.33 q/ha) as compared to I1 (43.72 q/ha). For the crop season of 2016-17, the grain yield was significantly higher under the D1 (50.52 q/ha) as compared to D2 (48.08 q/ha) and D3 (42.95 q/ha). The grain yield was significantly higher under the I2 (49.66 q/ha) as compared to I1 (44.71 q/ha). However yield under D2 was statistically at par with D1 in both the years. Differences in mulch levels were non-significant in both the years. Simulation of the effect of increase in temperature and CO2 concentration on grain yield, evapotranspiration and water productivity conducted by modifying the crop environment by using the DSSAT-CERES wheat model showed a decrease in yield and water productivity and increase in ET with increase in the mean temperature but this decrease in yield can be compensated by simultaneous increase in CO2 concentration.