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Thesis

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2017 - 202013
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Subject: Agricultural Extension Education × End date: 2020 × Start date: 2000 × Type: Thesis ×
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Now showing 1 - 9 of 13
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Attitude and knowledge of farmers towards use of agrochemicals on selected crops in Punjab
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2020) Sharma, Priyanka; Riar, T.S.
    The present study entitled “Attitude and knowledge of farmers towards use of agrochemicals on selected crops in Punjab” was entitled in the state of Punjab by selecting 100 rice growers from Ludhiana district, 100 cotton growers from Bathinda district and 50 vegetable growers from Sangrur district. The findings revealed that among the rice growers most of them were growing varieties which are recommended by Punjab Agricultural University. Among the cotton and vegetable growers farmers prefer to grow hybrid varieties which are developed by private companies. Most of the respondents were having low mass media exposure. Most of the farmers were getting information about agrochemicals from the private dealers whereas some of them also prefers to go to extension specialists for getting information about use of agrochemicals. Majority of the respondents purchase fertilizers from cooperative societies whereas for purchasing pesticides and other agrochemicals they prefer to go to private dealers. Most of the farmers were using high doses of agrochemicals as compared to the recommended doses. Some of the farmers were still using obsolete or banned pesticides. Most of the farmers were having low to medium level of knowledge about use of agrochemicals on all three crops. Most of the farmers were having moderately favorable attitude towards the use of agrochemicals. Among all the respondents very few farmers were getting their soil tested. Most of the respondents were not using recommended methods for disposing the empty containers of agrochemicals. Majority of the respondents were not using safety measures while preparing and spraying the spray fluid. Respondent’s age, education, training about agrochemicals and the mass media exposure were found significantly positively correlated with knowledge level of the respondents in case of paddy and vegetable crops whereas operational land holding and family size were having non- significant correlation with knowledge level of respondents. In case of cotton crop, only respondent’s education and the mass media exposure were reported to be significantly positively correlated with knowledge level of the farmers.
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Assessment of rate of adoption of happy seeder technology by characterizing technological attributes and extension efforts
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2020) Taranpreet Singh; Manmeet Kaur
    The study entitled,” Assessment of rate of adoption of Happy Seeder technology (HST) by characterizing technological attributes and extension efforts” was undertaken with the objectives to study the extent and rate of adoption of Happy Seeder technology among the farmers, to assess the factors affecting the rate of adoption of Happy Seeder technology and study the extension efforts done by the extension personnel (ADOs) for dissemination of Happy Seeder technology. The study was conducted in five agro climatic zones of Punjab. Two districts were selected on the basis of highest number of Happy Seeder owners. One hundred and eighty farmers, those who had adopted HST minimum two years ago, were selected purposively from the selected districts. Thirty extension personnel (ADOs) from the State Department of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare were also selected to study the extension efforts. The data were collected by personally interviewing the respondents. The findings of the study revealed that among the respondent farmers about half of the respondents were large farmers and about 35 per cent of them were educated up to senior secondary. Newspaper was the most used mass media source and ADOs were the most visited extension contacts of the farmers. Most of the farmers got aware about HST in 2015-16. Average area under HST by the farmers was about 58 per cent out of their total operational land holding. Maximum time was taken by the farmers to move from awareness stage of adoption process to interest stage of adoption process of the HST. Average forty months were taken by the farmers to complete the five stages of adoption process from awareness to adoption. It was found that factors such as attributes of the technology viz. relative advantages, trialability, observability and compatibility had positive effect whereas complexity of the technology had a negative effect on the rate of adoption. Extension activities, easy availability of HST and large operational land holding had a positive effect on the rate of adoption of HST. From the discussions and data analysis it was also found that non uniformity in rent and design of the machine, high initial cost, requirement of high power tractor, management of moisture and lack of specific agronomic recommendations for HST were major constraints in the adoption of HST. Agronomic practices such as seed rate, fertilizer doze and methods of application, weed management, irrigation etc. need to be validated through research for happy seeder sown wheat as compared to conventional wheat cultivation. Awareness and motivation among the farmers regarding environmental pollution and Happy Seeder technology should be increased as they are taking maximum time to reach interest stage from awareness stage.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Attitude and knowledge of farmers towards use of agrochemicals on selected crops in Punjab
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2020) Sharma, Priyanka; Riar, T. S.
    The present study entitled “Attitude and knowledge of farmers towards use of agrochemicals on selected crops in Punjab” was entitled in the state of Punjab by selecting 100 rice growers from Ludhiana district, 100 cotton growers from Bathinda district and 50 vegetable growers from Sangrur district. The findings revealed that among the rice growers most of them were growing varieties which are recommended by Punjab Agricultural University. Among the cotton and vegetable growers farmers prefer to grow hybrid varieties which are developed by private companies. Most of the respondents were having low mass media exposure. Most of the farmers were getting information about agrochemicals from the private dealers whereas some of them also prefers to go to extension specialists for getting information about use of agrochemicals. Majority of the respondents purchase fertilizers from cooperative societies whereas for purchasing pesticides and other agrochemicals they prefer to go to private dealers. Most of the farmers were using high doses of agrochemicals as compared to the recommended doses. Some of the farmers were still using obsolete or banned pesticides. Most of the farmers were having low to medium level of knowledge about use of agrochemicals on all three crops. Most of the farmers were having moderately favorable attitude towards the use of agrochemicals. Among all the respondents very few farmers were getting their soil tested. Most of the respondents were not using recommended methods for disposing the empty containers of agrochemicals. Majority of the respondents were not using safety measures while preparing and spraying the spray fluid. Respondent’s age, education, training about agrochemicals and the mass media exposure were found significantly positively correlated with knowledge level of the respondents in case of paddy and vegetable crops whereas operational land holding and family size were having non- significant correlation with knowledge level of respondents. In case of cotton crop, only respondent’s education and the mass media exposure were reported to be significantly positively correlated with knowledge level of the farmers.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Analytical study of yield gaps in major pulses grown in Punjab
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2020) Lovepreet Singh; Rampal, Vipan Kumar
    Pulses are an integral part of human diets across the globe and they have great potential to improve human health, conserve soil, protect the environment and contribute to global food security, besides serving as an important source of protein for a large portion of the global population. Pulses have been in focus in recent times due to the continuous upswing in their prices. Stagnant productivity coupled with declining availability has created substantial demand supply gaps and yield gaps at farmers’ field. Considering the importance of pulses in human diets above study has been undertaken. The study was conducted in the purposively selected districts (Ludhiana, Ferozepur, Tarn Taran Sahib and Gurdaspur) of Punjab state, considering the major pulses producing districts and falls under ‘high potential high yield gap’ on the basis of area potential gap matrix. From each district one major pulses growing block were selected purposively. From each block two villages were selected randomly. Twenty (20) respondents were drawn randomly from each of the selected eight villages. Thus, a total of 160 respondents constituted the sample for the study. The study revealed that the yield gaps in Ferozepur, Gurdaspur and Tarn Taran Sahib found that technology gaps (gap-I) was observed more than extension gap (gap-II). Whereas in Ludhiana district extension gap (gap-I) was observed more than technology gap (gap-II). The results of logistic regression analysis revealed that variety, herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides were found highly significant (at 1% level) to the adoption of pulse production technology. According to Department of Agriculture Punjab the area, production and productivity of pulses decreased except summer pulses (moong and mash). The major constraints responsible for pulses yield gaps and technology adoption perceived by the farmers were lack of marketing knowledge, lack of bio fertilizer, lack of storage facilities lack of regulated market, low market price/low profit and lack of subsidy for inputs.
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Comparative analysis of drip and conventional irrigation systems in kinnow cultivation of Punjab
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2020) Shachi Singh; Rupinder Kaur
    The present study entitled ‘A comparative analysis of drip and conventional irrigation systems in kinnow cultivation of Punjab’ was undertaken with the objectives to determine the knowledge level of kinnow growers about drip irrigation system, to study the extent of adoption of drip irrigation system amongst kinnow growers, to analyze water use pattern under drip irrigation system in kinnow cultivation, to assess the comparative economics of drip and conventional irrigation systems, to identify the constraints faced by the farmers in adoption of drip irrigation system and their suggestions and to develop technical bulletin based on the results of the study. The study was conducted in four districts of Punjab i.e. Bathinda, Fazilka, Hoshiarpur and Sri Muktsar Sahib/ Faridkot which were selected purposively. From each district 25 farmers were selected randomly who had adopted drip irrigation system while 25 non-adopters were selected from the same area or the adjoining area of adopter farmers which constituted a sample of 200 farmers for the study. Findings of the study revealed that majority of the respondents had medium level of knowledge regarding drip irrigation system. A positive and significant relationship was found between age, education, mass media exposure and extension contacts with the knowledge level of respondents. Adoption of proportional area under drip irrigation system was highest in Fazilka district. A positive and significant relationship was found between operational land holdings, annual income, mass media exposure, extension contacts, economic motivation and innovativeness with extent of adoption of respondents. A significant difference was found between drip irrigation system and conventional irrigation system in terms of economics of fertilizer and pesticides application, weeding and intercultural operation, productivity of kinnow etc. Uncertainty of power supply, delay in sanction of subsidy were some of the major constraints cited by the respondents. Facility of regular power supply, flexible subsidy providing system, low initial cost for purchasing drip irrigation system were suggested by the respondents.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Assessment of rate of adoption of happy seeder technology by characterizing technological attributes and extension efforts
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2020) Taranpreet Singh; Manmeet Kaur
    The study entitled,” Assessment of rate of adoption of Happy Seeder technology (HST) by characterizing technological attributes and extension efforts” was undertaken with the objectives to study the extent and rate of adoption of Happy Seeder technology among the farmers, to assess the factors affecting the rate of adoption of Happy Seeder technology and study the extension efforts done by the extension personnel (ADOs) for dissemination of Happy Seeder technology. The study was conducted in five agro climatic zones of Punjab. Two districts were selected on the basis of highest number of Happy Seeder owners. One hundred and eighty farmers, those who had adopted HST minimum two years ago, were selected purposively from the selected districts. Thirty extension personnel (ADOs) from the State Department of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare were also selected to study the extension efforts. The data were collected by personally interviewing the respondents. The findings of the study revealed that among the respondent farmers about half of the respondents were large farmers and about 35 per cent of them were educated up to senior secondary. Newspaper was the most used mass media source and ADOs were the most visited extension contacts of the farmers. Most of the farmers got aware about HST in 2015-16. Average area under HST by the farmers was about 58 per cent out of their total operational land holding. Maximum time was taken by the farmers to move from awareness stage of adoption process to interest stage of adoption process of the HST. Average forty months were taken by the farmers to complete the five stages of adoption process from awareness to adoption. It was found that factors such as attributes of the technology viz. relative advantages, trialability, observability and compatibility had positive effect whereas complexity of the technology had a negative effect on the rate of adoption. Extension activities, easy availability of HST and large operational land holding had a positive effect on the rate of adoption of HST. From the discussions and data analysis it was also found that non uniformity in rent and design of the machine, high initial cost, requirement of high power tractor, management of moisture and lack of specific agronomic recommendations for HST were major constraints in the adoption of HST. Agronomic practices such as seed rate, fertilizer doze and methods of application, weed management, irrigation etc. need to be validated through research for happy seeder sown wheat as compared to conventional wheat cultivation. Awareness and motivation among the farmers regarding environmental pollution and Happy Seeder technology should be increased as they are taking maximum time to reach interest stage from awareness stage.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Determinants of entrepreneurship development in beekeeping : case studies of Punjab
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2019) Vajpai, Vikas; Rupinder Kaur
    The present study was undertaken with the objectives to study the socio-economic and psychological traits, institutional framework, impact of family capital and social capital on beekeeping, document marketing strategies and innovations used by beekeepers, identify challenges in exploiting innovative opportunities and identify major problems being faced by the beekeepers. Study was conducted in 22 districts of Punjab state. A total of 44 progressive beekeepers were selected using proportional probability sampling and case study design for the study. Data were collected by personal interview method. It was found that 47.73 per cent of the respondents belonged to middle age (44-55) and most of them were educated up to senior secondary with operational land holding more than 10 acres. Respondents had high level of mass media exposure. Hort. Dept. and PAU scientists were major formal sources of information. Nearly 60.00 of the respondents had high level of achievement motivation and half were moderate internal risk takers. Respondents had rational decision-making style. Nearly one third of the respondents had balanced locus of control and 60.00 per cent of farmers were having high level of innovativeness. Commercial banks were the first preferred economic institutional support by the Respondents. Majority of the respondents preferred “PAU or KVKs” For capacity building through training. In case of standardization and certification of honey, respondents were registered under the AGMARK. Nearly one third of the Respondents preferred NAFED/ MARKFED for regulating market quality, supply and price of honey and honey products. For social support respondents preferred family. Family capital and social capital both had positive impact on up scaled beekeeping enterprise. For maintenance of good quality of honey, nearly 66.00 per cent of respondents avoided the use of restricted chemicals as well as keeping honey in air tight containers. About two third of the respondents were practicing direct marketing of honey and honey products. Nearly 61.36 per cent of the respondents had sold honey directly to wholesaler/ through distributors. Very few (13.64%) respondents exported honey through APEDA. The challenges faced by the respondents which had a key role of exploiting innovative opportunities were seeking financial support for the enterprise followed by looking market for quality bee products, convincing/ satisfying consumers for quality and search of bee flora in other states as well as meeting standard of quality of trade the major challenges. The major problems were lack of bee flora in the Punjab state followed by too much use of agrochemicals, lack of insurances policy, accidental or any other major loss and burning of crop residue.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Impact analysis of protected vegetable cultivation trained by KVK Jalandhar
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2020) Lovepreet Singh; Kuldeep Singh
    The present study entitled “Impact analysis of protected vegetable cultivation trained by KVK Jalandhar” was undertaken to study the adoption level of different practices of protected cultivation by farmers, factors affecting the adoption of protected cultivation, economic benefits and the problems faced by vegetable growers in adoption of protected cultivation. A total sample of 200 respondents practicing protected vegetable cultivation were selected from Jalandhar district from which 150 respondents were trained by KVK Jalandhar and remaining 50 respondents were non trainees. Study concludes that trainees had medium level of adoption in capsicum and cucumber crop, high in tomato crop under poly or net house while non trainees had low level of adoption in capsicum, medium in tomato and low-medium in cucumber crop. In case of low tunnel technology, trainees had high in capsicum and cucumber and medium level of adoption in tomato while non trainees had low level in all selected crops. It was found that land holding, social media and training had positively correlated with adoption of protected cultivation whereas age had negatively correlated. Regression analysis revealed that training and land was positively while age was negatively affecting the adoption of protected cultivation. Economic returns and yield of trainees had higher in all selected crops (capsicum, tomato and cucumber) as compared to non trainees. Majority of trainees and non trainees faced the problem of remunerative prices of produce in all structures, whereas problems of repair, maintenances and disease infestation were more in poly or net house .While in case of low tunnel, non availability of subsidy was major problem among respondents.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Knowledge, attitude and perceived prospects of agroforestry in Punjab
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2020) Pawar, Honey Avtar; Rampal, Vipan Kumar
    The study entitled “Knowledge, attitude and perceived prospects of agroforestry in Punjab” was undertaken with the objectives to study the knowledge and adoption of package and practices of agroforestry by the farmers/respondents, attitude of respondents towards agroforestry, prospects of agroforestry and also problems encountered by respondents in agroforestry. Study was conducted in Hoshiarpur, Roopnagar and Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar districts of Punjab state. Two blocks from these districts were selected and from each block further two villages were selected. From each village 15 farmers were selected randomly. Hence, a total of 180 farmers were selected for the study. Data were collected by personally visiting the study area and interviewing the farmers. The study revealed that most of the respondents were in the age group of 40-52 years, educated up to matric, had semi-medium land holdings (5.1-10 acres) and more than 2/3rd of the farmers (84.44 percent) were growing poplar trees on land ranging from 1-9 acres.Majority of the respondents had medium level of risk orientation, innovativeness and economic motivation. It was reported that farmers were having maximum knowledge and adoption about recommended time for planting saplings. On the other hand, they had least knowledge and adoption for recommended wheat variety for intercropping with poplar.Half of the farmers were having favourable attitude (50 %) regarding agroforestry. Only a few were having unfavourable attitude towards agroforestry. All the farmers perceived medium (85.56%) to high (14.44 %) level of prospects, which depicts that future of agroforestry, is bright. Majority of the farmers faced medium level (84.44) of problems and a few (16.56%) reported high level of problem. There were no serious problems reported by them but some problems faced were „low market price of poplar wood‟, „reduction of yield under shade of poplar‟ and „difficulty in getting land on rent for planting poplar‟.Majority of the respondents (60 %) were having high level of awareness regarding various benefits of agroforestry.