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Subject: Agricultural Extension Education × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2019 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Determinants of entrepreneurship development in beekeeping : case studies of Punjab
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2019) Vajpai, Vikas; Rupinder Kaur
    The present study was undertaken with the objectives to study the socio-economic and psychological traits, institutional framework, impact of family capital and social capital on beekeeping, document marketing strategies and innovations used by beekeepers, identify challenges in exploiting innovative opportunities and identify major problems being faced by the beekeepers. Study was conducted in 22 districts of Punjab state. A total of 44 progressive beekeepers were selected using proportional probability sampling and case study design for the study. Data were collected by personal interview method. It was found that 47.73 per cent of the respondents belonged to middle age (44-55) and most of them were educated up to senior secondary with operational land holding more than 10 acres. Respondents had high level of mass media exposure. Hort. Dept. and PAU scientists were major formal sources of information. Nearly 60.00 of the respondents had high level of achievement motivation and half were moderate internal risk takers. Respondents had rational decision-making style. Nearly one third of the respondents had balanced locus of control and 60.00 per cent of farmers were having high level of innovativeness. Commercial banks were the first preferred economic institutional support by the Respondents. Majority of the respondents preferred “PAU or KVKs” For capacity building through training. In case of standardization and certification of honey, respondents were registered under the AGMARK. Nearly one third of the Respondents preferred NAFED/ MARKFED for regulating market quality, supply and price of honey and honey products. For social support respondents preferred family. Family capital and social capital both had positive impact on up scaled beekeeping enterprise. For maintenance of good quality of honey, nearly 66.00 per cent of respondents avoided the use of restricted chemicals as well as keeping honey in air tight containers. About two third of the respondents were practicing direct marketing of honey and honey products. Nearly 61.36 per cent of the respondents had sold honey directly to wholesaler/ through distributors. Very few (13.64%) respondents exported honey through APEDA. The challenges faced by the respondents which had a key role of exploiting innovative opportunities were seeking financial support for the enterprise followed by looking market for quality bee products, convincing/ satisfying consumers for quality and search of bee flora in other states as well as meeting standard of quality of trade the major challenges. The major problems were lack of bee flora in the Punjab state followed by too much use of agrochemicals, lack of insurances policy, accidental or any other major loss and burning of crop residue.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Adoption status of food preservation practices disseminated through vocational training courses of Krishi Vigyan Kendras
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2019) Gagandeep Kaur; Kanwaljit Kaur
    The study was conducted to assess the adoption status of food preservation practices disseminated through vocational training courses of Krishi Vigyan Kendras in Punjab. Nine Krishi Vigyan Kendras i.e. Amritsar, Bathinda, Hoshiarpur, Patiala, Fatehgarh Sahib, Mukatsar Sahib, Jalandhar, Moga and Ludhiana were selected to conduct the study. These Krishi Vigyan Kendras had organized twenty three short duration courses from year 2011 to 2013. Out of 582 women trainees who had attended the vocational training courses of Krishi Vigyan Kendras, 179 trainees constituted the sample of study. Data were collected through self structured interview schedule. Majority of trainees were belonged to schedule caste category. Large majority of trainees had low level of mass media exposure. Vocational training was assessed in terms of adoption status, extent of adoption and level of use of training. Training on pappad and vadian, chawanparash and preserves/Murabha had achieved the highest adoption status. Lowest adoption status was observed in sun drying of vegetable, pickle making and preparation of squashes. Adoption status of majority of practices in terms of its use at household level was high. But practices related to recommended quantity of food preservator were either not adopted or discontinued. Extent of adoption of different practices on food preservation training course was also observed high. Only one percent of trainees had established an enterprise after receiving training and two percent were using training for income generation purpose. Major constraint for non-establishment of an enterprise was weak financial position. It can be concluded that awareness regarding financial assistance provided by the government to start an enterprise should be created to trainees. The trainees also suggested that transport facility should be provided to them for attending on-campus training course.