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ThesisItem Open Access An economic analysis of sugar industry in Punjab(PAU, 2013) Ambujam, Anuradha Devi; Chahal, S.S.The present study was carried out to ascertain the performance of sugar industry in Punjab. The study was carried out by selecting two sugar mills based on highest TCD each from cooperative and private sectors. So as to examine the causes of failures of sugar mills, the Zira Cooperative Sugar mill was selected purposively. In order to achieve the stipulated objectives both secondary and primary data were used. The data were analyzed by using various statistical tools such as compound growth analysis, regression analysis, ratio analysis, tabular analysis, etc. The major findings of the study revealed that the area, production and productivi21ty of sugarcane have declined both at state and national level. The state have lower growth rate of area under sugarcane and production than the national level while the growth of sugarcane yield was higher in the state level. Similarly, growth of sugar production, recovery of sugar and total cane crushed by the mills has been declining through time. The results indicate that there has been wide variation in area and production of sugarcane in the state as well as the national level. The production of sugarcane was affected by area and interaction effect of yield and area. The total cane crushed by the mills was found to be an important factor for production of sugar both at state and national level. The acreage under sugarcane was affected by both price and non-price factors. The farmers rapidly adjust the area under sugarcane both in short-run and long-run. The profitability, operational performance, solvency and liquidity of the mills were not satisfactory in both the sectors. Comparatively, the private sector had better physical and financial performance than the cooperative sector. The study identified various technological, socio-economic, infrastructural, financial and marketing problems faced by the cane growers. Further, the important constraints of the sugar industry such as low sugar recovery, shortage of sugarcane supply, inability to pay arrear to the cane growers in time, low level of profitability and non-viability of sugar mills were also identified. The case study of Zira Cooperative Sugar Mill revealed that the mill has been under financial stress right from its inception. The prevailing production, processing and marketing of sugarcane and sugar as well as the financial position of the sugar mills were not conducive to the various stakeholders. This calls for pragmatic policy which could benefit both the farmers and sugar mills.