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    “Export of rice from India: Performance and determinants”
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2014) Adhikari, Anup; Sekhon, M. K.
    Being highly dynamic with volatile nature of international market and increased demand of Indian rice globally, present study was carried out to examine the changes in composition of rice export, assessing export competitiveness and to analyze the factors affecting growth of rice export. The study was based on secondary data, however primary data were also used, of rice export in terms of basmati rice and non basmati rice collected from APEDA, various published journals, reports and websites for the period of 33 years (1980-81 to 2012-13). Tabular analysis, compound growth rate, instability index, Markov chain analysis, nominal protection coefficient, multiple linear regression and augmented Dickey Fuller test were employed to arrive at meaningful results. It was observed that the growth in value of basmati rice export (15.87%) was higher than quantity of export (7.55%). The growth rate of unit value of basmati rice export was higher in period I (13.48%) than period II (5.06%). The growth rates in export of non-basmati rice in terms of quantity, export earnings and unit value were 23.03 per cent, 30.91 per cent and 6.83 per cent respectively during the study period. The instability index was found highest for quantity (43.37 %) in case of basmati rice and value (106.25 %) in case of non basmati rice during entire period. The UAE was found to be highly preferred market for Indian basmati rice and Nigeria for Indian non basmati rice, as indicated by the probability of retention of their previous shares. It was estimated that during 2013-14 major markets for Indian basmati rice would be Iran, Saudi Arabia and others where as for Indian non basmati rice major markets would be Nigeria, South Africa and others. The study indicated that India is highly competitive in export of basmati rice due to higher price in international market and non competitive in export of non basmati rice due to lower price in global market. The results revealed that export price, international price, domestic consumption, lagged production and exchange rate were the major factors affecting the growth of rice export from India. The study suggested to develop and produce exportable quality of rice, improve post harvest technology, sanitary measures in order to gain access over global markets. Therefore suitable export promotion strategies have to be executed by the government and policy makers in order to boost rice exports at particular and overall exports in general