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Subject: Environmental Science ×

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Now showing 1 - 9 of 10
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of local environmental conditions on the growth of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides spp. mongolica) varieties in Lahaul valley, Himachal Pradesh (HP)
    (palampur, 2019-07-22) Samimi, Hazrat Mohammad; Singh, Virendra
    Seabuckthorn (Hippophae L.), locally known as Chharma, belonging to the family Elaeagnaceae, is a multipurpose plant naturally grows in high altitude cold deserts of Himachal Pradesh. Fruit and leaves of seabuckthorn are quite rich in vitamins, antioxidants, sterols and polyphenols etc., which have application in development of variety of health food, cosmetics and medicines. In order to meet increasing demand of seabuckthorn raw material in industries, there is a need to carry out massive cultivation of improved seabuckthorn. Local improved forms of seabuckthorn could not be domesticated by farmers due to presence of thorns, small fruit size, lower fruit harvesting yield and low fruit yield. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the adaptation and growth of five Russian seabuckthorn (H. rhamnoides spp. mongolica) varieties, which are globally introduced, after two years of growth at university Seabuckthorn Research Farm situated at Kukumseri (2750 m asl) and in the farmers’ fields in cluster of villages at higher altitude (3200-3300 m asl) in Lahaul, Lahaul-Spiti, a cold desert region of Himachal Pradesh. Seabuckthorn varieties were planted at a spacing of 3 m x 1.25 m spacing. There were total 11 treatments (5 Russian seabuckthorn varieties at two altitudes and a local selection of seabuckthorn “Drilbu” as a control). The Russian varieties showed higher survival rates at lower altitude at university farm (82-74%) than exotics growing higher altitude (54-20%), showing there was a significantly (P<0.05) lesser survival of seabuckthorn varieties at higher altitude under extreme climatic condition and unusual heavy snowfall during September month of 2018. NX1 and NX6 showed higher survival rates than other varieties. At lower altitude, LNX-6 showed the maximum height of 107 cm, followed by LNX-3 (103 cm). There was a significantly (P<0.05) decline in height of same varieties raised at higher altitude. Similar trends were observed in case of stem girth. At lower altitude, the maximum canopy spread in east direction was observed in LNX3 (34.1 cm), which was significantly (P<0.05) higher than other forms. The canopy spread declined significantly (P<0.05) in varieties from lower altitude (34.1-19.0 cm) to higher altitude (23.3-18.8 cm). Similar trends were observed in plant canopy spread in south direction. LNX-2 showed the maximum canopy spread of 24.2 cm, followed by LNX1 (22.2 cm) and others. The maximum leaf length was observed in LNX-1 (5.7 cm), followed by LNX-3 (5.5 cm) and others. The leaf length of exotics significantly (P<0.05) decreased at higher altitude. It was maximum of 5.2 cm in HNX3, significantly (P<0.05) higher than other varieties. The similar trends were observed in case of leaf width parameter. Growth parameters in seabuckthorn exotics were observed better at lower altitude (2750 m asl) than higher altitude (3200-3300 m asl). After 2 years of growth under field conditions, over all, seabuckthorn exotics NX1 and NX6 have shown promising results of high rates of survival and growth of the plants, an indication of performance of the varieties. There was no occurrence of thorns in any of the varieties. However, further studies are required to ascertain the best and most promising Russian seabuckthorn varieties, particularly under fruiting stage.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN TOONA BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM OF KANGRA VALLEY OF HIMACHAL PRADESH
    (CSK HPKV, Palampur, 2019) Mehta, Manshi; Uppal, Rajesh
    The present investigation entitled “Carbon Sequestration in Toona based Agroforestry System of Kangra Valley of Himachal Pradesh” was undertaken during the year 2018-19 at different locations of Palampur. Phytosociological exercises were undertaken for determining the Importance value Index (IVI) along with the species diversity in the selected quadrates. It was found that the most frequently occurring species were Toona ciliata, Albizia chinensis and Melia azaderach with maximum IVI value of 130.2, 97.3 and 46.7 in the unmanaged system and 170.6, 131.5 and 60.4 in the managed system. All the tree components, tea bushes, shrubs and grasses were taken for biomass estimation and biomass was calculated by the non-destructive method. Bulk density was higher in managed system (1.06 g cm-2) and it was found that bulk density increased with the increase in the soil depth. Soil organic carbon was calculated higher under unmanaged system (2.43%) in comparison to managed system (1.89%). The total carbon stock i.e. (plant + soil) was higher in unmanaged system (100.02 t ha-1). It was concluded from the studies that carbon assimilation in the form of biomass is at its best when the agroforestry systems are kept managed, on the other hand the organic carbon in the soil assimilates well when the system is unmanaged.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON THE GROWTH OF SEABUCKTHORN (Hippophae rhamnoides spp. mongolica) VARIETIES IN LAHAUL VALLEY, HIMACHAL PRADESH.
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-07-22) Samimi, Hazrat Mohammad; Singh, Virendra
    Seabuckthorn (Hippophae L.), locally known as Chharma, belonging to the family Elaeagnaceae, is a multipurpose plant naturally grows in high altitude cold deserts of Himachal Pradesh. Fruit and leaves of seabuckthorn are quite rich in vitamins, antioxidants, sterols and polyphenols etc., which have application in development of variety of health food, cosmetics and medicines. In order to meet increasing demand of seabuckthorn raw material in industries, there is a need to carry out massive cultivation of improved seabuckthorn. Local improved forms of seabuckthorn could not be domesticated by farmers due to presence of thorns, small fruit size, lower fruit harvesting yield and low fruit yield. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the adaptation and growth of five Russian seabuckthorn (H. rhamnoides spp. mongolica) varieties, which are globally introduced, after two years of growth at university Seabuckthorn Research Farm situated at Kukumseri (2750 m asl) and in the farmers’ fields in cluster of villages at higher altitude (3200-3300 m asl) in Lahaul, Lahaul-Spiti, a cold desert region of Himachal Pradesh. Seabuckthorn varieties were planted at a spacing of 3 m x 1.25 m spacing. There were total 11 treatments (5 Russian seabuckthorn varieties at two altitudes and a local selection of seabuckthorn “Drilbu” as a control). The Russian varieties showed higher survival rates at lower altitude at university farm (82-74%) than exotics growing higher altitude (54-20%), showing there was a significantly (P<0.05) lesser survival of seabuckthorn varieties at higher altitude under extreme climatic condition and unusual heavy snowfall during September month of 2018. NX1 and NX6 showed higher survival rates than other varieties. At lower altitude, LNX-6 showed the maximum height of 107 cm, followed by LNX-3 (103 cm). There was a significantly (P<0.05) decline in height of same varieties raised at higher altitude. Similar trends were observed in case of stem girth. At lower altitude, the maximum canopy spread in east direction was observed in LNX3 (34.1 cm), which was significantly (P<0.05) higher than other forms. The canopy spread declined significantly (P<0.05) in varieties from lower altitude (34.1-19.0 cm) to higher altitude (23.3-18.8 cm). Similar trends were observed in plant canopy spread in south direction. LNX-2 showed the maximum canopy spread of 24.2 cm, followed by LNX1 (22.2 cm) and others. The maximum leaf length was observed in LNX-1 (5.7 cm), followed by LNX-3 (5.5 cm) and others. The leaf length of exotics significantly (P<0.05) decreased at higher altitude. It was maximum of 5.2 cm in HNX3, significantly (P<0.05) higher than other varieties. The similar trends were observed in case of leaf width parameter. Growth parameters in seabuckthorn exotics were observed better at lower altitude (2750 m asl) than higher altitude (3200-3300 m asl). After 2 years of growth under field conditions, over all, seabuckthorn exotics NX1 and NX6 have shown promising results of high rates of survival and growth of the plants, an indication of performance of the varieties. There was no occurrence of thorns in any of the varieties. However, further studies are required to ascertain the best and most promising Russian seabuckthorn varieties, particularly under fruiting stage.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF PRECIPITATION IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS OF DISTRICT KANGRA, HIMACHAL PRADESH.
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-07) Walia, Dishu; Chauhan, Ramesh C.
    The present investigation was carried out to assess the chemical composition of precipitation in different environments of district Kangra, Himachal Pradesh during summer and winter season. The chemical composition of precipitation has often been used to typify atmospheric quality around a sampling area. The physico - chemical characteristics and heavy metals were recorded and estimated at five different study sites. The rain water samples were collected on event basis during summer and winter season of 2018. The physico – chemical characteristics and heavy metals of precipitation were estimated pH, electrical conductivity, TS, TDS, TSS, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, Cd2+, Pb2+ and Ni2+ using standard procedures. All the physico – chemical and heavy metal parameters were found below the desirable limit as per BIS. The main sources of pollution at and around the bus stands were atmospheric dust particles, incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, infrastructural developmental activities and automobile exhaust, while at the rural location main sources were biomass burning and decomposition. The concentrations of various parameters were recorded higher during winter season rather than summer season at all the sites. The majority of physico – chemical characteristics showed significant relationships among themselves and with heavy metals. The extent of pollution in the study sites followed the trend: Kangra bus stand > Nagrota Bagwan bus stand > Palampur bus stand > Dharamshala bus stand > Rural location. The rural location being less susceptible to anthropogenic activities, were least polluted.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CARBON SEQUESTRATION POTENTIALOF ORGANICALLY GROWN PADDY-WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEM
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018-12-18) Meghna; Punam
    A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2016 and Rabi 2016-17 at Holta, Organic Farm of Department of Organic Agriculture & Natural Farming, CSKHPKV, Palampur to study the carbon sequestration potential of organically grown paddy-wheat cropping system. The experiment consisted of 8 treatments comprising of combinations of four nutrient management practices i.e. organic nutrient management [(Vermicompost (VC) 10t/ha + Jeevamrit (3 drenchings: one before sowing and two after sowing at one month interval)], inorganic nutrient management (recommended NPK), integrated nutrient management (50% VC and 50% recommended NPK) and farmer’s practice (25%VC + 25% recommended NPK) with two conditions i.e. rainfed and irrigated. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with conditions in main plot and nutrient management in sub plot using three replications. Results revealed that growth, grain and straw yield of paddy and wheat, organic carbon sequestered in plant parts, soil moisture, microbial biomass carbon and soil organic carbon were increased with irrigated condition and nutrient management practices. Irrigated condition significantly increased the grain and straw yield of both paddy and wheat over rainfed condition by 32.9 and 41.41 per cent respectively. Among nutrient management treatments, organic nutrient management practice produced 55.41 and 48.1 per cent higher grain yield than inorganic nutrient treatmentin paddy and wheat crops respectively. Under irrigated condition, paddy-wheat cropping system produced significantly highest biomass and sequestered highest carbon. Organic nutrient management resulted in 51.3 and 51.7 per cent higher biomass and sequestered carbon respectively in comparison to inorganic treatment.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN PALAMPUR TOWN HIMACHAL PRADESH
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018-07) Pawan Kumar; Chauhan, Ramesh C.
    The municipal solid waste management has been of major concern due to its high risk for human and environmental health. In the present investigation an attempt has been made to characterize and quantify the solid waste generation and document the existing solid waste management practices to know the overall municipal solid waste status in Palampur committee area. During the present investigation the maximum total (110.040 Kg/day) MSW was recorded in ward-7 and minimum (25.582 Kg/day) in ward-4. In Palampur town’s municipal committee area, the total solid waste generation of 425.614 Kg/day, 13.194 MT/month and 155.349 MT/year has been recorded. Whereas the average biodegradable generation (91%) and non-biodegradable (9%) of solid waste has been recorded during the study period. However, the maximum biodegradable waste (439.165 Kg/day) and minimum (328.185 Kg/day) has been recorded during summer and winter season respectively with averaged municipal solid waste generation 0.120 Kg/capita/day which was found to be influenced by population density, commercial and other anthropogenic activities. During the period of investigation it is observed that town municipal authority has not even a well-defined and permanent disposal site. The committee adopted open dumping and burning even within the committee area which is against the Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) rules instead of land filling as a method of the disposal. As a result the whole committee area in and around the dumping and disposal sites has become unhygienic and posing serious threat to the public health and environment
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Organic farm manures and composts enrichment through biodynamic inoculants
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2010) Chauhan, Moondeep; Punam
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of environment healing-homa farming "agnihotra" activity inorganic farm
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2009) Richa, Kumari; Punam