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End date: 2020 × Start date: 2019 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Continuous rate intravenous infusion of propofol in dogs
    (palampur, 2020-11-13) Naryal, Sukti; Kumar, Amit
    The study was conducted for the clinical evaluation of propofol CRI and comparing it to isoflurane anaesthesia on 30 client owned dogs divided into 3 groups of 10 animals each, presented for various surgical procedures. Animals of all the three groups were subjected to a common drug regime till induction of anaesthesia i.e., administration of Inj. Butorphanol tartrate @ 0.2 mg/kg b.wt. I/M initially which was followed by Inj. Atropine sulphate @ 0.02-0.04 mg/kg b.wt. S/C after 30 minutes. The animals were further premedicated with Inj. Diazepam @ 0.5 mg/kg b.wt. I/V and general anaesthesia in all the animals was induced by Inj. Propofol "to effect" I/V. Then further, following induction of general anaesthesia animals were either maintained with propofol CRI with using syringe pump (group A, n=10) or propofol CRI with using pediatric drip set (group B, n=10) or with isoflurane (group C, n=10). All the animals received 100 per cent oxygen throughout the procedure. Parameters under investigation included analog-clinical observations, cardiovascular parameters, pulmonary parameters, response to anaesthesia intra-operatively, haemato biochemistry, electrolytes and drug dosage at various time intervals and recovery parameters. Mean ± SE induction dose of propofol was 3.468 ± 0.125 mg/kg I/V in all (n=30) animals. Smooth induction and transfer with complete muscle relaxation and analgesia was achieved in all the animals. Progressive hypothermia was observed in all the groups which improved during the recovery phase with most pronounced values in group C animals. ECG conduction and duration findings were majorly within normal physiological limits with no significant changes. Significant increase in heart rate was seen in immediate post induction period in all the three groups which remained on the higher range when compared with the baseline values. Depression in mean blood pressure was observed in all the three groups after induction. The CVP values was lower with propofol CRI when compared to isoflurane but remained within normal physiological range in all the groups. SpO2 and EtCO2 values remained within acceptable range throughout the procedure in all the groups. Significant respiratory depression was seen in group A and B with transient apnea in 2 animals. Significant fall in the values of Hb, PCV and TLC was observed in group B. Biochemical parameters and electrolytes remained within physiological ranges in all the groups. The dose of propofol CRI was 0.38 mg/kg/min and 0.44 mg/kg/minute with syringe pump and pediatric drip set, respectively. Recovery period was longer in animals maintained with propofol than in animals maintained with isoflurane. Intra-operative and post-operative muscle dystonia, paddling and opisthotonus was seen in animals of group A and B. One animal showed persistent palpebral reflex throughout the procedure, one haemolysis in plasma sample intra operatively and one horizontal nystagmus post-operatively, without resulting in any clinical consequence. Post operative vocalization was a most common finding in animals of group C. The propofol CRI protocols used in the study were found safe and comparable with isoflurane anaesthesia and recommended for different types of surgeries limiting for 60 minutes in canine species
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of feeding locally available Urtica dioica (Stinging Nettle/ Bichu Buti) on biological performance of Broilers
    (palampur, 2020-10-29) Shivanshi; Sharma, Arun
    The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding Urtica dioica (Stinging nettle/ Bichu Buti) in commercial broiler birds under complete randomized block design. Day old broiler chicks (n=180) were divided into six treatment groups T0, T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 with three replicates of ten chicks in each. All the birds were fed isonitrogenous and isocaloric standard diet. The birds in treatment T0 (control group) were fed standard poultry diet while in treatments T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, the standard poultry diet was supplemented with antibiotic (zinc bacitracin), 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% nettle leaves powder, respectively. The result of the study showed that treatment group T4 fed with 1.5% nettle leaves in basal diet showed significantly (P<0.05) enhanced growth performance in terms of gain in body weight and feed conversion efficiency. It significantly (P<0.05) increased the dressing percentage. Highest % weight of gizzard was observed in group fed 1% nettle leaves powder mixed in standard diet. Among blood parameters, the value of Hb and PCV was significantly (P<0.05) higher in T3 and T4 treatment groups. The value of RBCs was significantly (P<0.05) higher in T4 treatment group whereas the value of WBCs, MCV, MCH and MCHC did not exhibit any significant differences amongst different treatment groups. However, plasma cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations were significantly low (P<0.05) in T4 and T5 treatment groups as compared to control and other treatment groups. Overall economic analysis revealed that group of birds supplemented with 1.5% nettle leaves powder exhibited 41.37% higher gross profit as compared to the control in terms of body weight gain and feed efficiency and increasing supplementation beyond this decreased profitability as well as growth
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN DOGS
    (CSKHPKV Palampur, 2020-10-30) CHAWLA, HIMANSHU; Katoch, Ajay
    The present investigation was aimed to study the diagnosis and management of urinary tract infections in dogs. The study was conducted on 2063 dogs presented to the Department of Veterinary Medicine, Palampur. On the basis of history and clinical signs, haematological examination, biochemical analysis, urine examination, radiographic and ultrasonographic studies, 188 cases suffering from urinary tract infection were included in the study representing an incidence of 9.1%. Amongst 188 dogs, 20 dogs were affected with Acute renal failure (ARF), 80 dogs with Chronic renal failure (CRF), 50 dogs with Cystitis and 38 dogs with Urolithiasis. Incidence of urinary tract infection was highest in 5-8 year age group (31.91%). The incidence of renal failure and urolithiasis was highest in >8years age group whereas the incidence of cystitis was highest in 5-8 year age group. Labradors, Pomeranian and Non-descript were the most common affected breeds. The most common clinical signs observed in renal failure dogs were anorexia, dullness and depression, dehydration, paleness of mucous membranes, vomiting, dental tartar, melena and hematuria whereas hematuria, dribbling of urine, stranguria and pollakiuria were commonly observed in dogs suffering from cystitis and urolithiasis. Leucocytosis was observed in all the groups whereas thrombocytopenia was observed only in renal failure dogs. Dogs suffering from CRF had decreased TEC, Hb (10.50 ± 0.42 g/dl) and PCV (30.54 ± 1.21%). There was significant increase in BUN (141.44 ± 16.28 mg/dl) and Creatinine (8.67 ± 1.06 mg/dl) levels in ARF dogs whereas corresponding levels in CRF dogs were 180.29 ± 13.63 mg/dl and 8.16 ± 0.56 mg/dl respectively which in addition also showed hyperphosphatemia (8.54 ± 0.62 mg/dl). BUN (84.46 ± 11.01 mg/dl) and Creatinine (2.27 ± 0.35 mg/dl) were also significantly increased in Urolithiasis with no significant change in Cystitis. Significant decreased levels in Sodium (136.8 ± 1.89 mmol/L) and Chloride (99.76 ± 2.12 mmol/L) were observed in ARF dogs while only significant decrease in Sodium (140.1 ± 0.94 mmol/L) was observed in CRF dogs. Blood gas and acid base status revealed significant decrease in HCO3 in chronic renal failure dogs indicating metabolic acidosis. Urinalysis revealed significant decrease in urine pH in dogs suffering from Cystitis and Urolithiasis whereas significant decrease in urine specific gravity was observed in dogs suffering from Chronic renal failure and Cystitis. UPC ratio was highest in dogs suffering from Urolithiasis (4.84 ± 2.51) followed by Cystitis and Renal Failure. uALP : uCreat ratio (28.66 ± 22.84) and uGGT : uCreat ratio (28.72 ± 25.83) was higher in ARF dogs indicating significance of biomarkers in detection of acute damage to the kidneys. The highest sensitivity of Marbofloxacin (91.53%) was observed on antibiogram followed by Doxycycline (58.46%) and Nitrofurantoin (55.38%). E.coli (20.12%) was the most commonly isolated bacteria followed by Staphylococcus aureus (14.46%), Proteus spp.(11.94%) and Pseudomonas spp. (8.80%). Cystoliths, nephroliths, urethroliths, ascites, increased echogenicity, merging densities of cortex and medulla, end stage renal disease, hydronephrosis, pyelectasia, cystitis and prostate enlargement were diagnosed through radiography and ultrasonography. Ehrlichiosis induced Chronic kidney disease was detected in 10 cases signifying the importance of haemoprotozoan infection in causing renal disease. Conventional treatment along with fluid therapy, antibiotics, supportive as well as specific treatment based on cultural sensitivity tests and surgical intervention resulted in 70% (14/20) recovery in Acute renal failure, 60% (48/80) in Chronic renal failure, 100% (50/50) in Cystitis and 94% (36/38) in Urolithiasis.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    TRANSRECTAL DOPPLER SONOGRAPHY OF OVARIAN STRUCTURES AND UTERUS DURING ESTROUS CYCLE IN DAIRY COWS
    (CHKHPKV Palampur, 2020-09-19) SONI, TANIA; Singh, Madhumeet
    The study was conducted atInstructional Livestock Farm Complex, ChaudharySarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur. Ten dairy cows were selected for research and subjected to sonographic examination of ovarian structures from the day of estrus till completion of one estrous cycle using B-mode and color Doppler mode ultrasonography. Developmental pattern of follicles and corpus luteum during two- and three-follicular waves of estrous cycle were studied. The per cent vascularity of corpus luteum during different luteal phases and blood flow to uterus was evaluated based on the analysis of Doppler haemodynamic indices at an interval of 48 hours during an estrous cycle. Two-wave estrous cycle was more prevalent in dairy cows as compared to three-wave estrous cycle and there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the diameter of dominant follicle during different waves of two- and three-wave estrous cycle. Corpus luteum diameter and vascularity were significantly higher (p<0.01-0.05) during mid-luteal phase as compared to early and late luteal phase except in three-wave estrous cycle. Corpus luteum vascularity percentage was significantly higher in dairy cows (p<0.05) during late luteal phase in three-wave cycle as compared to two-wave cycle who failed to conceive. Also, there was a significant correlation (p<0.05) between corpus luteum diameter and vascularity irrespective of follicular waves and different luteal phases. A significant difference (p<0.01-0.05) between the recorded haemodynamic indices of middle uterine artery ipsilateral and contralateral to pre-ovulatory follicle was recorded on the day of estrus, however, this difference was found to be non-significant (p>0.05) with the progression of estrous cycle into luteal phase.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF APPLE POMACE BASED COMPLETE FEED ON GROWTH RESPONSE OF CALVES
    (CSKHPKV Palampur, 2019-07-23) SUNIDHI; Rani, Daisy
    The study was conducted with the aim to find out the effect of using ensiled apple pomace (AP) based complete feed on growth response of calves. Ten male calves were divided into 2 groups of 5 calves each, with each group having similar average body weight. Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, the effect of ensiled mixture of apple pomace and wheat straw (EMAPWS) and ensiled apple pomace and fresh wheat straw (EAPFWS) based complete feed on growth response of calves was studied and in the second experiment, the effect of EMAPWS and EAPFWS based complete feed on nutrient utilization of calves was studied. For the experiments, AP and Wheat straw (WS) was ensiled in 85:15 in plastic drums of 300L capacity for 4 weeks. Also only AP was ensiled and to this fresh WS was mixed in 85:15. The mixtures were analyzed for proximate and fibre composition. Accordingly, formulation and preparation of concentrate feed was done. Growth studies were carried out for 8 weeks period. During growth trial, the overall DMI was 2.79 and 2.51 per cent, with a daily gain of 288 and 260 g/calf. The feed efficiency ratio was 0.147 and 0.188, respectively, in EMAPWS TMR and EAPFWS TMR treatment. During digestibility trial average gain in weight/head/day was 762g and 701g respectively. Average daily dry matter intake was 3.198 and 2.816 g per 100 kg body weight respectively in EMAPWS and EAPFWS. There was no significant difference in GIW and DMI between both the groups. The digestibilities of EE, CF, Cellulose and ADF was significantly higher in EMAPWS, whereas the digestibilities of DM, CP, Hemicellulose, NFE, NDF and OM did not differ. The TDN content of the complete feed was 70.88 and 59.74 per cent whereas, DCP content was 7.28 and 6.12 per cent in EMAPWS and EAPFWS respectively and it differed significantly. The TDN intake was 63.51 and 47.96 g and DCP intake was 6.53 and 4.92 g per Kg metabolic body weight in EMAPWS and EAPFWS respectively and both TDN and DCP intake differed significantly. The nitrogen intake was 56.56 and 37.87 g/head/day which was significantly different between both the groups. The Nitrogen retention (NR) as per cent of nitrogen intake (NI) was 46.35 and 37.82 respectively in EMAPWS and EAPFWS and it differed significantly between both the groups. All the calves were in positive nitrogen and energy balance. Feeding EMAPWS reduced the expenditure incurred on feeding to gain one kg body weight, by 2.22 percent than feeding ensiled AP mixed with fresh WS. So, it was concluded that ensiling AP with WS in the ratio of 85:15 was relatively better method to preserve and feed AP to calves and feeding complete feed based on EMAPWS could support optimum growth rate in cross-bred calves.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF EGGS OF HIMSAMRIDHI BREED AND ITS COMPARISON WITH DAHLEM RED
    (CSKHPKV Palampur, 2020-10-28) SHARMA, SURUCHI; Geetanjali Singh
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CLINICO-DIAGNOSTIC AND CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON BOVINE MASTITIS
    (CSKHPKV Palampur, 2020-11-04) BHARDWAJ, KANIKA; Sharma, Pardeep