Theses

Browse

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 9 of 713

Open Access
Combining ability and gene action studies for economic traits and disease resistance in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)
(palampur, 2019-05-02) Sran, Ranjeet Singh; Satish Paul
The present investigation entitled “Combining ability and gene action studies for economic traits and disease resistance in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)” was undertaken to get the information on nature and magnitude of gene action, combining ability and heterosis and thereby identifying potential parents and cross combinations for seed yield, fibre yield and associated traits under variable environments that could support further improvements of linseed productivity using appropriate breeding methodology. Eight linseed varieties viz., Surbhi, Bhagsu, Nagarkot, T-397, Himani, Baner, JRF-4 and JRF-1 were hybridized following Griffing’s Method 2, Model 1 in a half diallel fashion. Experimental materials comprising of eight linseed varieties and 28 F1 progenies were evaluated in RBD with three replications during the year 2016-17 and 2017-18 at Experimental Farm of the Department of Crop Improvement, CSK HPKV, Palampur. Various cross combinations were also examined to study the genetics of resistance to powdery mildew and rust in linseed at Palampur and research station SAREC Kangra, respectively during the year 2017-18. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits studied during 2016-17, 2017- 18 and pooled over environments, suggesting prevalence of wide range of genetic variability. Variance due to environment in pooled analysis revealed significant differences for all the traits studied except seeds per capsule. Genotype × environment (G × E) interaction was significant for most of the traits except plant height and technical height indicated a definite role of environment on the performance of genotypes. Variances due to GCA, SCA and their interaction with environment were significant for most of the traits. For most of the traits, there was preponderance of non-additive gene action, under such situation diallel selective mating or biparental mating in early segregating generations followed by recurrent selection might be appropriate approach toward genetic improvement of these traits. Based on GCA, Nagarkot and Surbhi were found to be good general combiner for seed yield whereas, JRF-1 and JRF-4 for fibre yield. On the basis of SCA effect and heterosis, the cross combinations Surbhi × Baner, Himani × JRF-4 and Bhagsu × Nagarkot for seed yield and Nagarkot × Himani for fibre yield were found best in pooled over the environments. The segregation pattern of powdery mildew and rust disease indicated that resistance was governed by a single dominant gene in cross combination T-397 × Nagarkot.
Open Access
Bioecology and management of rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee) infesting paddy in Himachal Pradesh
(Palampur, 2017-06-27) Chhavi; Sharma, Pawan K.
The present investigation entitled “Bioecology and management of rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee) infesting paddy in Himachal Pradesh” was undertaken in the Department of Entomology, CSKHPKV, Palampur and Rice and Wheat Research Centre, Malan during 2014-2016. Under laboratory conditions, C. medinalis completed three generations from August to mid-December. The life cycle of C. medinalis consisted of four distinct stages viz., egg, larva, pupa and adult, each having an average duration ranging between 3.70-4.50, 17.50-20.50, 7.00-7.50 and 6.40-7.40 (female); 2.50-3.30 (male), respectively, during different generations. The fertility parameters worked out for first, second and third generation resulted in the net reproductive rate (R0 ) of 29.16, 17.94 and 17.72 female eggs per female with the corresponding true generation time of 37.06, 37.99 and 39.38 days, respectively. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was maximum in the first generation (0.091) and minimum in the third generation (0.073). The field collected adults of last generation when reared under laboratory conditions to study the survival of pest, failed to lay eggs. However, a few individuals of C. medinalis larvae survived in winter till January on paddy plants and weeds and a limited feeding was observed during this period. Survey for the incidence of C. medinalis and its associated natural enemies in four locations viz., Sundernagar, Nurpur, Jogindernagar and Palampur of Himachal Pradesh was conducted during 2015 and 2016 at different time intervals. The pest appearance was noticed in the second fortnight of July at Nurpur, Palampur and Jogindernagar. Whereas, at Sundernagar, the pest activity initiated during first fortnight of July and population of adults was at its peak in the first fortnight of September in all the four locations. From the correlation studies between adult catch and abiotic factors, it was concluded that the temperature (maximum and minimum) favours the C. medinalis build-up. However, RH (maximum and minimum) and rainfall had a negative impact on C. medinalis abundance. During survey, Cotesia cypris (Nixon) was found to be the most dominating larval parasitoid associated with C. medinalis. Fifty natural enemies were encountered in paddy ecosystem of all the four locations, out of which twenty four were found associated with C. medinalis. Spiders viz., Araneus pseudosturmii (Yin et al.), Micropholcus fauroti (Simon) and Runcinia ghorpadei (Tikader) were recorded for the first time from India. Based upon the Shannon index, diversity of natural enemies was maximum at Palampur (2.58-2.65) and minimum at Nurpur (1.52-1.89). The leaf damage and losses inflicted to paddy due to different release levels of C. medinalis viz., 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 larvae per hill released at panicle initiation stage revealed that maximum leaf infestation was 24.48 per cent at highest release level (10 larvae/ hill) and lowest (6.94%) at release level of 2 larvae per hill and per cent avoidable losses varied from 0.94-28.93 per cent. Among forty three genotypes evaluated against C. medinalis, thirty three genotypes were found moderately resistant, nine as moderatey susceptible and one as susceptible. None of the genotypes was found to be free from leaf folder damage. Among the six treatments of Trichogramma chilonis, maximum control was achieved when 1,50,000 parasitized eggs per hectare were released. However, this treatment was found to be at par with 1,00,000 and 1,25,000 parasitized eggs per hectare. Out of six insecticides and one biopesticides evaluated against C. medinalis, flubendiamide (24 g a.i./ ha), indoxacarb (30 g a.i./ ha) and lambda-cyhalothrin (12.5 g a.i./ ha) were found to be efficacious. However, biopesticide, Bt (1.5 kg/ ha) was found to be least effective for the control of pest. Incremental output input ratio was highest in case of lamba-cyhalothrin and lowest in Bt
Open Access
DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION IN CALVES
(Palampur, 2006-04-25) KUMAR, ADARSH; Kanwar, M.S.
Open Access
CHARACTERIZATION OF SELECTED CEREALS AND PULSES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(CHKHPKV Palampur, 2019-12) SHILPA; Sood, Sangita
It‟s the need of the hour to deliver affordable good quality formulation in a convenient format to ensure nutrition security especially amongst vegetarian populace. Consumers‟ demand can be addressed by making available cereals: pulses based ready to eat products. Cereals and pulses are important crops of Indian dietary as they are enriched with functional components. To characterize and optimize high fiber & low protein formulation, important crops of the State viz. oat, pearl millet, sorghum, finger millet, horse gram, chick pea and rice bean were selected. Since consumption of these crops in the form of ready-to-eat food as extruded form is becoming a common approach. The selected crops were estimated for their quality traits. Amongst cereals and pulses, oat and chick pea came out to be best as far functional properties are concerned. Oat and horse gram are rich in crude fiber as 5.34 and 5.40 per cent respectively. While finger millet and horse gram bagged lowest values for protein (7.45; 21.28 %) and fat (2.00 & 1.80 %) content respectively. Finger millet attained highest score for Ca (269.54g/100g). Finger millet and chick pea was found to be highest values for saponins (5.29; 4.78). Whereas, maximum value for tannin was calculated in pearl millet (228.00). Oat and rice bean can be consider as an alternative for diabetetic patients‟ palate as they obtained maximum score (2.69; 2.58%) for resistant starch. All the selected cereals and pulses came under the class of low glycemic index. Although slight decline in proximate, nutritional and sensory composition was observed with the increase in storage period within acceptable limit. Amongst the prepared products kurkure have the best storage stability and acceptability during storage period up to 120 days. It is conferred that multigrain formulations can be used for the development of value added products with high nutritional profile which might have great potential in food industry.
Open Access
GENE ACTION FOR YIELD AND RELATED TRAITS IN SOYBEAN [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] AND DEVELOPMENT OF INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS INVOLVING WILD SPECIES
(CSKHPKV Palampur, 2014-12) INDU BALA; Jai Dev
The present investigation entitled “Gene action for yield and related traits in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] and development of interspecific hybrids involving wild species” was carried out at the Experimental Farm of the Department of Crop Improvement, CSK HPKV, Palampur to gather information on genetic architecture for seed yield and component traits in soybean and to introgress desirable genes from wild species to cultivated ones. The experimental material comprised of 54 triple test cross progenies derived by mating 18 lines with three testers, namely, Hara Soya (L1), Him Soya (L2) and their F1 (L3). This genetic material was evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications during kharif 2013. Epistasis was found to be an integral part of genetic variation for majority of the traits. Epistatic interaction for many traits was ‘j+l’ type except days to 50% flowering, days to 75% maturity, reproductive phase, petiole length, seed per pod, harvest index and 100 seed weight, whereas plant height, internode length, pods per plant and biological yield per plant carried ‘i’ type epistasis alongwith ‘j+l’ type. Additive component (D) was more pronounced than dominance component (H) for most of the traits. Both additive and dominance components were of almost equal magnitude for pod length indicating the importance of both additive and dominance type of gene action, whereas partial degree of dominance was noticed for majority of traits. The kind of genetic variance revealed from triple test cross can be exploited by intermating selected individuals in early segregating generations with delayed selection in later generations, diallel selective mating/ biparental mating or recurrent selection followed by pedigree method to exploit both additive and non-additive components alongwith epistasis. Lines Bragg, Shivalik and P9-2-2 were found to be good general combiners for most of the traits. The cross combinations, Bragg x Hara Soya, PK- 472 x Him Soya, DS-1213 x Hara Soya, H-330 x Hara Soya and H-330 x Him soya showed high per se performance, SCA effects, heterobeltiosis and economic heterosis for seed yield per plant and were rated as potential crosses for further improvement. Cross H-330 x Him Soya showed resistance against brown spot and bacterial pustule diseases. The interspecific hybrids developed involving Glycine max x G. soja, were true to type based on confirmation at the morphological, molecular and cytological level. Sufficient variability was found for all the traits studied in wide hybrids. Seed yield per plant showed significantly positive correlation with reproductive phase, pods per plant, pod length, petiole length, harvest index and 100-seed weight.
Open Access
MODELING AND FORECASTING YIELD OF RICE FOR KANGRA DISTRICT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH
(CSKHPKV. Palampur, 2019-01-30) THAKUR, SHIVANI; Rana, Ranbir Singh
A field experiment was conducted during Khraif 2017 and 2018 at Experimental Farm of Rice and Wheat Research Centre Malan with five dates of transplanting (15th June, 25th June, 5th July, 15th July and 25th July) and three varieties (HPR 1068, HPR 2880 and HPR 2143) in factorial RBD with three replications. The soil of the experimental field was silty clay loam in texture, acidic in reaction, medium in available N, high in available P and medium in available K. The growth and yield attributes viz., plant height, number of tillers m-2, leaf area index, number of grains panicle-1 and 1000-grain weight were significantly higher in 15th June transplanted crop during both the years though it was at par with 25th June transplanted crop. There was reduction in grain yield with delay in transplanting after 15th June. The decrease averaged over two years was 7 % in 25th June, 16 % in 5th July, 32 % in 15th July and 45 % in 25th July transplanted crop over 15th June transplanted crop. The early transplanted crop took more days for tillering, panicle initiation, 50 % flowering and maturity. Net returns and B: C ratio was significantly higher in 15th June transplanted crop compared to subsequent dates of transplanting. The agrometeorological indices indicated more values for 15th June to 5th July transplanted crops and lowest values in late transplanted crop. Amongst varieties, HPR 2143 gave significantly higher values of growth and yield attributes during both the years. Likewise, grain yield, biological yield, net returns and B: C ratio was significantly higher in variety HPR 2143 followed by HPR 1068 and HPR 2880. The DSSAT CERES- Rice model performed well, [high correlation coefficient (r), low root mean square error (RMSE) and low mean absolute percentage error (MAPE)] in simulating the physiological maturity (r= 0.89 and 0.95; RMSE= 3.8 and 2.9 days; MAPE= -1.4 and -2.1 %), leaf area index (r= 0.97 and 0.96; RMSE= 0.08 and 0.06; MAPE= 0.96 and 0.82 %), grain yield (r= 0.98 and 0.96; RMSE= 372 and 333 kg ha-1; MAPE= -5.0 and - 9.0 %), biological yield (r= 0.96 and 0.98, RMSE= 656 and 824 kg ha-1; MAPE= 3.2 and 7.2 %) during 2017 and 2018, respectively. The simulated days to physiology maturity, LAI, grain and biological yield matched closely with observed values for all transplanting environments. The model performance was somewhere under estimated or overestimated but found within acceptable limits. The predicted yields of rice using validated CERES-Rice model indicated -6.4 to 6.2, -10.8 to1.2 and -5.2 to 7.6 % at F1stage during 2015, 2016 and 2017, respectively and -4.2 to 7.2, -8.7 to 2.2 and -3.1 to 8.6 % errors during 2015, 2016 and 2017 at F2 stage. The yield was more reliable in F2 stage of district Kangra. The model predicted ±10 percent deviation in rice yield compared to actual productivity of district under study and can be used for the yield forecast in the district.
Open Access
Documentation and Nutritional Evaluation of Ethnic foods of Palampur region of Himachal Pradesh
(CSKHPKV. Palampur, 2019-03-11) Rekha; Dhaliwal, Y.S.
The present investigation was undertaken with the objectives to document the traditional food recipes, process/preparation, nutritional evaluation and development of protocols for the standardization of the recipes to minimize the nutient losses. Three blocks viz. Baijnath, Panchrukhi, Bhawarna and Palampur itself were selected. A questionnaire was used to collect the relevant information on traditional foods from 120 respondents. Thirty four recipes (eleven cereal based, ten legume based and thirteen vegetable and fruit based ) common to all selected areas were finalized. The raw materials as well as recipes of traditional foods were analyzed for their nutritional compositiona and consumer acceptability. The results showed that raw sheera had high crude protein content i.e. 13.38 per cent, whereas maize flour had high content of crude fat and crude fiber (4.14%, 2.26%). In legumes black gram contained highest crude protein content(26.26%). Among vegetables and fruits bhares had high crude protein content i.e. 21.72 per cent, whereas colocasia leaves had highest crude fat and crude fiber content (5.67%, 17.59%). Recipes analysis result showed that pakodu contained high crude protein content i.e. 27.44 per cent, whereas Crude fat content was highest in mukund badi madra (22.17%). Some selected recipes were modified with 10 and 20 per cent nutritional supplment powders. These supplemeted powders were prepared from five different legumes( rice bean, adzuki bean, soy bean, black bengal gram, horse gram), fruits( Papaya, plum, apple, persimmon, pomengranate) and vegetables (Spinach,colocasia,colocasia leaves, yam elephant, bhares). The supplementation results in increase in protein and fat content of selected recipes. The other nutrients were also improved with the addition of nutrient supplements. The sensory scores declined slightly with supplementation but were in the range of liked very much to like moderately.
Open Access
SULPHUR DYNAMICS AND ITS CRITICAL LIMITS FOR FRENCH BEAN AND CAULIFLOWER IN ACIDIC SOILS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH
(CSKHPKV. Palampur, 2019-07-30) GOURAV; Sankhyan, N. K.
Sulphur is best known for its essentiality and vitality in crop production, but due to its widespread deficiency, it is imperative to study its transformations in acidic soils. In the present investigation, 500 soil samples were collected randomly from cultivated acidic soils of Himachal Pradesh, as identified during previous surveys conducted by Department of Soil Science, CSK HPKV Palampur. Processed soil samples were analyzed for pH, soil texture and available sulphur. Five soil profiles were also selected randomly to study the vertical distribution of S. The transformation of sulphur with externally added elemental sulphur was studied in twenty one incubated soil samples, which varied in pH and texture. Further, 10 locations were selectedthat varied in pH, clay content and available S to study the response and to establish critical limits of S for french bean and cauliflower; furthermore the detailed experiment was conductedin pots under glasshouse. In study area, textural class, pH (1:2.5) and available sulphur ranged from loamy sand to clay, 4.23 to 7.00 (extremely acidic to neutral) and 11 to 65 kg ha-1 (deficient to sufficient) respectively. Around 35 per cent of the soil samples were found deficient in available sulphur. Available S exhibited a significant positive correlation with clay and silt, whereas significantnegative correlation was found with sand and pH. All the S fractions (sulphate-S, water soluble-S, heat soluble-S, organic-S and total-S) increased with incubation of soil samples and added elemental S. The highest content of these S fractions were obtained with the application of 80 kg S ha-1. Sole incubation of soil for thirty days without the addition of S, increased all the S fractions except organic-S. Contents of all the S fractions in soils increased with increase in clay and decreased with increase in pH of soil. In soil profiles study, all the S fractions decreased with increase in depth and highest contents of all the S fractions were found in surface layer. Sulphur fractions followed the order as total-S>organic-S>heat soluble-S>sulphate-S>water soluble-S. French bean and cauliflower responded significantly to the S application. Highest yield and yield attributes were obtained with the application of 40 kg S ha-1 in both the crops. However, the green pod yield in french bean at 30 kg S ha-1 was statistically at par with 40 kg S ha-1. Critical limits for french bean and cauliflower in soil were found to be 9.5 mg kg-1 and 10.5 mg kg-1, respectively. Whereas, the critical limits for french bean and cauliflower in plantswere found to be 0.103 per cent and 0.337 per cent sulphur, respectively
Open Access
EFFECT OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC SOURCES OF NUTRIENTS ON SORGHUM SUDAN GRASS HYBRID - OAT CROPPING SYSTEM
(CSKHPKV. Palampur, 2019-09) CHAHAL, ARVIND; Sharma, G.D.
A field experiment entitled “Effect of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on sorghum sudan grass hybrid-oat cropping system” was conducted at Research Farm of Department of Agronomy, Forages and Grassland Management, CSK, Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur from Kharif 2017 to Rabi 2018-19. Soil of the experimental site was silty clay loam in texture, acidic in reaction, medium in organic carbon, available phosphorus and available potassium and low in available nitrogen. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with two factors and replicated thrice. The treatments consisted of four levels of FYM and biofertilizers viz. control, FYM @10 t ha-1 , Azotobacter+ PSB and FYM @10 t ha-1 + Azotobacter + PSB and four levels of fertilizers viz. no fertilizer, 50, 75 and 100 per cent of recommended fertilizer. Significantly highest plant height, shoots per square meter and dry matter accumulation of sorghum sudan grass hybrid and oat was observed with application of FYM @10 t ha-1 + Azotobacter + PSB than rest of the organic treatments, though this treatment was at par with FYM @10 t ha-1 for leaf stem ratio. Similarly, plant height, shoots per square meter and dry matter accumulation increased with increasing fertilizer levels with highest values recorded with application of 100 per cent of recommended fertilizer though the increase in leaf stem ratio was significant only up to 75 per cent of recommended fertilizer. Significantly highest total green fodder, dry fodder, crude protein, acid detergent fibre and neutral detergent fibre yields and net returns were recorded with the application FYM @10 t ha1 + Azotobacter+ PSB as well as 100 per cent of recommended fertilizer. Application of FYM @10 t ha-1 + Azotobacter+ PSB resulted in higher benefit cost ratio, while, significantly highest benefit cost ratio was recorded with 100 per cent of recommended fertilizer. Crude protein content was significantly higher with application of FYM @10 t ha-1 + Azotobacter+ PSB as well as 100 per cent recommended fertilizer. However, the effect of FYM @10 t ha-1 + Azotobacter+ PSB and FYM @10 t ha-1 was same and resulted in significantly minimum content of acid detergent fibre and neutral detergent fibre. The effect of 75 and 100 per cent of recommended fertilizer was also same and resulted in significantly minimum acid detergent fibre and neutral detergent fibre content.An increase in soil organic carbon, biomass carbon and available NPK was observed with the application of FYM @10 t ha-1+Azotobacter + PSB as well as 100 per cent recommended fertilizer application over the initial status at the end of experiment

Theses

Browse

Thesis Type

Type

Author

Date

Subject

Search Results