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ThesisItem Open Access Clinico-Pathologic and therapeutic studies on enteritis in neonatal calves(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2010) Himanshu; Pal, B.ThesisItem Open Access CLINICO-PATHOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON ENTERITIS IN NEONATAL CALVES(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2010-06-25) Himanshu; Pal, B.Neonatal calf diarrhoea, being the leading cause of calf mortality in the dairy farm, is a major factor for economic loss to the livestock industry. During the present study the overall incidence of neonatal calf diarrhoea was found to be 47.97% in the livestock farm of CSK HPKV, Palampur (H.P.). The incidence was highest (28.57%) in the age group of 4-6 days. Male calves suffered more (45.56%) than female calves (43.58%). The incidence was highest (67.87%) in rainy season and lowest (33.33%) in summer season. Sixty four (64) neonatal diarrhoeic calves, divided into 8 groups (8 calves in each group) were undertaken to study the clinical signs, haemato-biochemicals, electrolytes changes and therapeutic effects. Out of 64 diarrhoeic faecal samples cultured on specific media 56 (87.50%) were positive for Escherichia coli, 2 (3.12%) for Proteus sp. and 6 (9.37%) for mixed infection. All the 64 faecal samples were also screened for Cryptosporidium sp. microscopically and found 16 (25%) samples were positive. The diarrhoeic calves of 8 groups were treated with different therapeutic regimens viz., group I and II with ORS, group III and IV with intravenous RL along with oral administration of amoxicillin in group III and ofloxacin in group IV, group V and VI with intravenous RL along with parenteral administration of gentamicin in group V and enrofloxacin in group VI, group VII and VIII with intravenous RL along with oral administration of nitazoxanide in group VII and nitazoxanide with ofloxacin in group VIII. The effect of diarrhoea at pre-treatment and response of therapy on day 3 and day 5 (post-treatment) were judged. The efficacy of different treatment regimens were evaluated on the basis of restoration of clinical signs, haemato-biochemicals and electrolytes changes. Increased PCV and TLC were observed at pre-treatment. Decreased level of immunoglobins, plasma glucose and increased level of total plasma protein, plasma urea nitrogen, and plasma creatinine were observed at pre-treatment. Besides, hyponatraemia, hyperkalaemia and hypochloraemia were also observed at pre-treatment. In mildly dehydrated calves, there was no difference in respect of improvement of diarrhoea at post- treatment between the group I and group II. In moderately dehydrated calves, group IV showed better improvement as compared to group III. In severely dehydrated calves, group VI showed better improvement than group V. Calves affected with Cryptosporidium sp. along with the bacterial infection treated with ofloxacin along with nitazoxanide (GroupVIII) showed better improvement as compared to group VII which was treated with nitazoxanide alone.