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Subject: Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics × Author: Ahmad Sofi, Khursheed × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Ultrasonographic and laparoscopic studies on genitalia of abandoned cows
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur) Ahmad Sofi, Khursheed; Singh, Madhumeet
    ABSTRACT The present study comprised evaluation of genitalia of abandoned cows through transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and transabdominal laparoscopy (TAL). Cows were examined by rectal palpation (n=45) followed by TRUS (n=45) and TAL (n=28) a day later. Blood and serum samples (n=8) were collected at pre (1h) and post (1 and 24 h) laparoscopy for complete blood count, hormone and biochemical analysis. Laparoscopic chromopertubation (n=4) using methylene blue dye (2.5%) was done to evaluate tubal patency. Among 45 cows examined manually, 43 different genital abnormalities were detected in 36 (80%) animals whereas 69 abnormalities were diagnosed in 39 (86.7%) cows by TRUS. Echographic characteristics of different pathological conditions were documented. Both left and right flank approach was feasible for TAL and direct trocar technique proved better technique for creating pneumoperitoneum than Veress needle method. Optimum site for laparoscopic port was 8-10 cm cranial to the tip of tuber coxae and 6-8 cm ventral to the transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae and for first and second instrument port was 18- 20 cm and 10-12 cm ventral to the tip of tuber coxae and 2-3 cm and 4-6 cm cranial to that point. TAL of genitalia (n=21) revealed ovarian abnormalities in 18 (85.7%), oviduct and adnexal pathologies in 17 (80.9%) and uterine abnormalities in 9 (42.8%) animals. Significant difference of only cortisol level between pre and post 1 h and of AST at 24 h post laparoscopy was recorded. Rectal, TRUS and TAL (n=17) revealed ovarian abnormalities in 6 (35.3%), 7 (41.2%) and 15 (88.2%), oviduct and adnexal abnormalities in 1 (5.8%), 6 (35.3%) and 12 (70.6%) and uterine abnormalities in 4 (23.6%), 8 (47.1%) and 9 (52.9%) animals. Similarly, cervical abnormalities were 6 (35.3%) and 9 (52.9%) by rectal examination and TRUS. In conclusion, TRUS allowed more detailed evaluation of genital tract pathologies compared to rectal palpation. TAL could be successfully done through flank approach for evaluation of genitalia and laparoscopic chromopertubation could be standardized for tubal patency evaluation in cows. Both TRUS and TAL were effective diagnostic tools for evaluation of genital abnormalities compared to rectal palpation. Further, use of diagnostic tools indicated that actual incidence of reproductive abnormalities may be higher in abandoned cows than detected by rectal palpation.