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ThesisItem Open Access Heterosis and combining ability studies in male sterility based F1 hybrids of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)(palampur, 2022-05-10) Hem Lata; Sharma, AkhileshThe present investigation entitled “Heterosis and combining ability studies in male sterility based F1 hybrids of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)” was carried out at the Experimental Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSKHPKV, Palampur to estimate the genetic diversity among inbred lines using molecular markers, and to study combining ability and heterosis to ascertain promising hybrids for fruit yield and component traits following ‘line × tester’ mating design involving 4 GMS lines and 10 diverse testers. Lines, testers and their 40 cross combinations, along with standard check ‘CH-27’, were evaluated in α-RBD with three replications for two consecutive years during summer-rainy seasons of 2020 and 2021. Assigning inbreds into different heterotic groups is essential for exploitation of heterosis for hybrid development. Out of 88 SSRs, 59 were found to be polymorphic and PIC value ranged from 0.077 to 0.779 with an average of 0.43 which indicated that SSRs used in study were polymorphic in nature. Heterotic grouping based on morphological and molecular marker analysis indicated the presence of considerable diversity in the inbred lines. Sufficient genetic variability was observed for yield and its contributing traits over the years. The line × tester analysis revealed significant differences due to lines, testers and line × tester interaction for most of the traits during both years and pooled over years indicating appreciable diversity in the experimental material. Lines ‘DPChMS 9-2’ and ‘DPChMS 26-1’ were good general combiners for green, red ripe and dry fruit yield per plant while ‘VVG’, ‘DPCh 10’, ‘DPCh 40’, ‘Surajmukhi’ and ‘Him Palam Mirch-2’ were the promising tester with significant GCA for majority of the traits. On the basis of SCA effects, crosses viz., ‘DPChMS 9-2 × DPCh 101’, DPChMS 9-2 × Him Palam Mirch-2’, ‘DPChMS 9-2 × PBC 535’, ‘DPChMS 11-2 × DPCh 40’, ‘DPChMS 11-2 × Him Palam Mirch-1’, ‘DPChMS 11-2 × Surajmukhi’, , ‘DPChMS 29-2 × DPCh 6-2’, ‘ ‘DPChMS 26-1 × Surajmukhi’, DPChMS 26-1 × Him Palam Mirch-1’, ‘DPChMS 26-1 × DPCh 22-C’ and ‘DPChMS 26-1 × VVG’ were the most promising for majority of the traits including fruit yield per plant (green, red and dry) with one of the parents at least as good or average/poor general combiner. Different traits showed the predominance either of additive or dominance variance with red ripe fruit yield for the latter. A wide variation in magnitude and direction of heterosis was noticed for majority of the traits. The promising hybrids for economic heterosis across the environments for green, red ripe and dry fruit yield per plant along with most important economic traits were ‘DPChMS 9-2 × Him Palam Mirch-2’, ‘DPChMS 9-2 × DPCh 10’, ‘DPChMS 26-1 × DPCh 10’ and ‘DPChMS 11-2 × DPCh 40’, ‘DPChMS 9-2 × DPCh 40’ and ‘DPChMS 29-2 × DPCh 10’. Based on per se performance, SCA effects and heterosis, ‘DPChMS 9-2 × Him Palam Mirch-2’ and ‘DPChMS 9-2 × DPCh 101’ were promising hybrids for marketable green fruit yield, while ‘DPChMS 9-2 × Him Palam Mirch-2’ and ‘DPChMS 11-2 × DPCh 40’ had the same for both red ripe and dry fruit yield per plant. Thus, deploying GMS lines for hybrid seed production in chilli could help farmers to double their income as it reduces the cost of production of hybrid seed and hence, seed could be supplied to farmers at lesser cost
