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ThesisItem Open Access Impact of different farming practices on soil organic carbon and nitrogen fractions under mid hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh(CSK HPKV, Palampur, 2023-01-01) Dinesh; Paliyal, S. S.The present study entitled “Impact of different farming practices on soil organic carbon and nitrogen fractions under mid hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh” was carried out in an on going long-term field experiment on different farming practices (organic farming, zero budget natural farming, inorganic farming and integrated nutrient management) in okra- pea cropping system at Holta Organic Farm, Department of Organic Agriculture and Natural Farming, College of Agriculture, CSK HPKV, Palampur. Soil of the experimental site was silty clay loam in texture, acidic in reaction, medium in organic carbon, available phosphorus and potassium and low in available nitrogen. Surface (0-0.15m) and subsurface (0.15-0.30 m) soil samples were collected from each plot after harvest of the pea crop. An additionalsoil sample was drawn from the adjoining undisturbed grassland to be taken as reference. Soil samples were analyzed for various physical, chemical and biological parameters, organic carbon and nitrogen fractions using standard analytical procedures. Data recorded was analyzed in randomized block design to meet out the research objective. Highest system productivity (15.7 t ha-1 ) was recorded in INM practices followed by organic farming (14.9 t ha-1 ). The continuous application of organic manure especially in organic and INM farming systems significantly improved the soil physical, chemical, biological properties and different fractions of soil organic carbon and nitrogen. The significantly higher available N, P, K, S exchangeable Ca & Mg and water holding capacity were noted under organic farming practices with values of 216 and 251, 22.5 and 20.8, 195 and 165, 26.8 and 22.1 kg ha-1 ; 3.19 and 2.20, 1.31 and 0.63 c mol (p+) kg-1 and 58.9 and 55.4 % in both surface as well as subsurface depths, respectively, whereas, soil bulk and particle density was found to be lowest in organic farming practices with values of 1.19 & 1.21 and 2.21 & 2.24 g cm-3 in surface and subsurface soil depths, respectively. The dominance of soil organic carbon fractions followed the order as Fraction1 (very labile) > Fraction4 (non- labile) > Fraction3 (less labile) > Fraction2 (labile), with the highest value of all fractions corresponding to organic farming practices. Inorganic nitrogen fractions (NH4 & NO3-N) were highest in INM, whereas, organic nitrogen fractions were recorded highest in organic farming practices in both surface and subsurface depths. All carbon and nitrogen fractions except non-hydrolysable-N were found positively and significantly correlated with system productivity and soil health parameters like bulk density, particle density, water holding capacity, organic carbon, available N, P, K S exchangeable Ca & Mg, microbial count and microbial biomass carbon & microbial biomass nitrogen.
