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ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF SOWING PATTERN AND SEED RATE ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF WHEAT (Triticum aestivum ) SEED IN MID HILL CONDITIONS(CSHHPKV Palampur, 2017-07-18) KUMARI, PARINITI; Kataria, R.K.Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is the most important staple food of the majority of world’s population. It is the most important crop of Himachal Pradesh during winter season in low and mid hills of the State. Manipulation of agronomic practices such as planting pattern/geometry and seed rate are considered to be foremost step to achieve proper distribution of plants over cultivated area, thereby better utilization of above and below ground natural resources towards increasing yield. A field and laboratory investigation was undertaken to study the effect of different planting patterns and seed rates on seed production and its quality in wheat by evaluating the yield and quality parameters. The experiment with twelve treatment combinations comprising of four planting patterns (15 cm, 23 cm, 15 x 15 cm and 23 x 23 cm) and three seed rates (100, 120 and 140 kg/ha) was conducted in Randomized Block Design with three replications during Rabi 2015 at the experimental farm of department of Seed Science and Technology. The observations recorded revealed that planting patterns of 23 x 23 cm resulted in significantly more plant height, leaf area index, number of spikes/m2 , spike length, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, biological yield, seed yield, seed recovery percentage, 1000 seed weight and vigour index over other planting patterns. No significant effect of different planting patterns on number of shoots/m2 after complete emergence, days to 50 % heading, harvest index and germination percentage was observed. 140 kg/ha seed rate produced significantly higher number of shoots per m², leaf area index, number of spikes per m², biological and seed yield over 120 kg/ha and 100 kg/ha seed rate.ThesisItem Open Access CHARACTERIZATION OF INTERSPECIFIC DERIVATIVES OF LENTIL FOR MORPHOLOGICAL AND SEED QUALITY PARAMETERS(CSHHPKV Palampur, 2020-08-30) THALYARI, JEENIA; Jai DevThe present investigation entitled “Characterization of interspecific derivatives of lentil for morphological and seed quality parameters” was undertaken to classify lentil genotypes using DUS guidelines and to identify the promising ones for characters related to yield and seed quality. The research involved the analysis of 29 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications along with two checks viz., Markanday and Vipasha. The lines were evaluated at Research Sub Station, Berthin, District Bilaspur (HP) and Department of Seed Science and Technology, CSK HPKV, Palampur, District Kangra (HP) during rabi 2019-20. Using DUS characterization, the variability in the expression of 13 distinguishing traits was observed at seed and plant levels. Seed size, seed colour, foliage colour, anthocyanin colouration on stem, leaflet size, plant growth habit and plant height were found to be the most useful characters for sound classification of lentil genotypes. Sufficient variability was observed for almost all yield related attributes and seed quality parameters. PCV values higher than GCV indicated that the apparent variation was due to the influence of both genotype and environment. High genetic advance as percentage of mean along with high heritability was observed for pods per plant, seeds per pod, biological yield per plant (g), seed yield per plant (g) and harvest index (%) suggesting their potential towards response to selection. Most of the RILs showed good response towards Fusarium wilt, indicating the transfer of disease resistant genes from the parents. Cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into six clusters with CI RIL 9 and C2 RIL 79 being the most diverse. C1 RIL 43, C1 RIL 58, C1 RIL 53, C1 RIL 62, C1 RIL 65 and C2 RIL 75 surpassed the best check ‘Vipasha’ for most of the traits under study. Out of these RILs, C1 RIL 65 proved to be a promising genotype for yield related attributes and C1 RIL 58 performed well for all seed quality parameters.ThesisItem Open Access SEED LONGEVITY AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH AGRONOMIC TRAITS IN SOYBEAN (Glycine max L. Merrill)(CSKHPKV. Palampur, 2020-08-31) SINGH, SHREYA; Kapila, R. K.Study on seed longevity was carried out by packing the seeds of seven soybean varieties of Himachal Pradesh in high density polyethylene (HDPE) bags and storing them under ambient condition (Jan 2019 to May 2020) following completely randomized design in four replications. The experimental material was also planted in the field during kharif 2019 following RBD in three replications to evaluate the varieties for 12 agro-morphological traits in order to establish an association of seed longevity with important agronomic traits. Data recorded over a period of 16 months after fixed bimonthly intervals revealed that most of the seed quality parameters viz., per cent germination, rate of germination, field emergence, seedling length, seedling dry weight and seed vigour indices I & II gradually declined, whereas electrical conductivity witnessed an increasing trend with the advancement of storage period. Varieties, Palam Early Soya 1 and Him Palam Hara Soya 1 performed poorly under storage and were classified as having short seed longevity (12 months), whereas PS 1556 exhibited seed germination above IMSCS even after 16 months of storage and was classified as having comparatively long seed longevity. Remaining 4 varieties exhibited moderate seed longevity (14 months). Aforesaid varieties were also characterized for DUS traits that revealed 11 out of a total of 21 descriptors to be more informative in classification and identification of the seven varieties under study. Field evaluation and further analysis of variance revealed that the mean sum of squares due to genotypes were significant for all the 12 agro-morphological traits studied. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was found for 100-seed weight and harvest index. Variety, PS 1556 was the best performing variety for yield and related attributes. Correlation of seed germination after 8 and 16 months intervals as well as of seed longevity, with 12 agro-morphological traits revealed a strong and positive association of seed longevity with number of pods per plant, seed yield per plot and seed yield per ha. Simultaneously a very strong and negative association of seed longevity was detected with test weight and number of branches per plant indicating thereby the possibility of designing an ideotype of soybean through selection for more number of pods per plant, less number of branches per plant and lesser 100-seed weight accompanied with higher seed yield. The study presents choice of indirect selection criteria based on some easily accessible agromorphological traits for improving seed quality of soybean under storage.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON SEED YIELD AND ITS QUALITY IN OKRA (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) UNDER MID HILL CONDITIONS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH.(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-07-09) Paul, Ayush; Kataria, R.K.A fiielld experiimentt was conductted duriing khariiff season of 2018 att Experiimenttall Farm of departtmentt of Seed Sciience and Technollogy,, CSK Hiimachall Pradesh Kriishii Viishvaviidyallaya,, Pallampur,, tto sttudy tthe effectt of iinttegratted nuttriientt managementt on seed yiielld and iitts qualliitty iin okra (Abellmoschus escullenttus L..).. The experiimentt was llaiid outt iin randomiized bllock desiign wiitth four replliicattiions compriisiing of tten ttreattmentts wiitth T1 (FYM @ 10tt//ha + 75% RDF),, T2 (FYM @ 10tt//ha + 100% RDF),, T3 (Vermiicompostt @ 5tt//ha + 75% RDF),, T4 (Vermiicompostt @ 5tt//ha + 100% RDF),, T5 (FYM @ 5tt//ha + Vermiicompostt 2..5tt//ha + 75% RDF),, T6 (FYM @ 5tt//ha + Vermiicompostt 2..5tt//ha + 100% RDF),, T7 (FYM @ 5tt//ha + Forttiifiied Vermiicompostt 2..5tt//ha + 75% RDF),, T8 (FYM @ 5tt//ha + Forttiifiied Vermiicompostt 2..5tt//ha + 100% RDF),, T9 (FYM @ 5tt//ha + Vermiicompostt 2..5tt//ha),, T10 (FYM @ 10tt//ha + Forttiifiied Vermiicompostt 5tt//ha).. Siigniifiicanttlly hiigher pllantt heiightt,, capsulles//pllantt,, capsulle llengtth,, seeds//capsulle were recorded iin T8 whiich were att par wiitth T4,, T7,, T6 and T3.. The hiighestt seed yiielld (631..1 kg//ha),, seed recovery (%),, shelllliing percenttage and harvestt iindex was recorded iin T8.. Diifferentt qualliitty parametters viiz.. seed weiightt,, germiinattiion percenttage,, seedlliing llengtth,, seedlliing dry weiightt,, viigour iindex and fiielld emergence were nott affectted by diifferentt ttreattmentt combiinattiions.. Treattmentt T8 (FYM @ 5tt//ha + Forttiifiied Vermiicompostt 2..5tt//ha + 100% RDF) proved tto be tthe bestt ttreattmentt for enhanciing yiielld and yiielld attttriibutte of okra under miid-hiillll condiittiions of Hiimachall Pradesh..ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF SEED COATING ON SEED LONGEVITY IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-07) Singh, Amandeep; Dhiman, K.C.The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the effect of seed coating for seed longevity and to identify the effective seed coating treatment for enchancing seed longevity of rice by evaluating different seed quality parameters in Seed Technology Laboratory, CSK HPKV, Palampur. The experimental material consisted of HPR-1068 variety of rice, seeds of which were coated during December 2015 and nine different treatments along with untreated control in three replications were stored in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) for thirty six months (December 2015 to December 2018) after packing in HDPE (high density polyethylene) interwoven bags. For the present study, the evaluation of seed quality parameters was made at bimonthly intervals for twelve months (25th to 36th month) i.e from January 2018 to December 2018. The treatments comprised of T1 - untreated control, T2 - polymer (Polykote) @ 3 ml/kg of seed diluted in 5 ml of water, T3 - flowable thiram @ 2.4 ml/kg of seed, T4 - polymer + flowable thiram @ 2.4 ml/kg of seed, T5 - vitavax 200 @ 2 g/kg of seed, T6 - polymer + vitavax 200 @ 2 g/kg of seed, T7 - imidacloprid (Gaucho) @ 4 ml/kg of seed, T8 - polymer + imidacloprid (Gaucho) @ 4 ml/kg of seed, T9 - polymer + flowable thiram @ 2.4 ml/kg of seed + imidacloprid (Gaucho) @ 4 ml/kg of seed and T10 - polymer + vitavax 200 @ 2 g/kg of seed + imidacloprid (Gaucho) @ 4 ml/kg of seed. At the end of storage period (36 months), recorded data revealed that irrespective of seed coating, seed deteriorated and the vigour declined probably with increased fungal infection and aging of seed. On the basis of present study, it can be concluded that T6 - polymer + vitavax 200 @ 2 g/kg of seed and T4 - polymer + flowable thiram @ 2.4 ml/kg of seed were found significantly superior for all seed quality parameters viz., germination (%) - first count (%), final count (%), speed of germination, seedling length (cm), seedling dry weight (g), seedling vigour index-I, seedling vigour index -II, electrical conductivity (m mho/cm/g) and field emergence (%) over T1 - untreated control. The treatments, polymer coating @ 3 ml/kg of seed + vitavax 200 @ 2 g/kg of seed and polymer coating @ 3 ml/kg of seed + flowable thiram @ 2.4 ml/kg of seed could maintain the germination percentage above Indian Minimum Seed Certification Standards (IMSCS) upto 32 months of storage and thus these two treatments can be used for long term storage of paddy seeds.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON SEED YIELD AND QUALITY OF BROWN SARSON (Brassica campestris var. brown sarson) UNDER MID HILL CONDITIONS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-06-28) Mandial, Arshia; Kataria, R.K.A field experiment entitled “Effect of integrated nutrient management on seed yield and quality of brown sarson (Brassica campestris var. brown sarson) under mid hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh” was conducted during Rabi 2018-19 at the Experimental Farm of Department of Seed Science and Technology, CSK HPKV, Palampur Himachal Pradesh to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on seed yield and quality of brown sarson (Brassica campestris var. brown sarson). The eleven treatments comprising of different combinations of FYM, vermicompost, 75% RDF, 100% RDF and 125% RDF were tested in Randomized Block Design, replicated four times. Results revealed that growth, yield attributes, seed yield and straw yield of brown sarson were affected significantly with different treatments. Higher growth, yield attributes, seed yield, straw yield, protein content, oil content,1000-seed weight were observed in treatment comprising of vermicompost @ 5t/ha + 125% RDF. Application of organic manures alone resulted in significantly less seed yields and other growth and yield attributes. Application of vermicompost @ 5t/ha with 75% RDF proved as good as 75% RDF with FYM and vermicompost @ 5 and 2.5 t/ha, respectively or FYM @ 10t/ha with 100% RDF.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF INTERATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON SEED YIELD AND QUALITY OF SOYBEAN (Glycine max L.) Merrill) UNDER MID HILL CONDITION OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-06-22) Rahemi, Ahmad Shah; Kataria, R.K.A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2018 at Experimental Form of Department of Seed Science and Technology, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on seed yield and its quality in soybean (Glycine max L). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design comprising of ten treatments with T1 (FYM @ 10t/ha + 75% RDF), T2 (FYM @ 10t/ha + 100% RDF), T3 (Vermicompost @ 5t/ha + 75% RDF), T4 (Vermicompost @ 5t/ha + 100% RDF), T5 (FYM @ 5t/ha + Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + 75% RDF), T6 (FYM @ 5t/ha + Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + 100% RDF), T7 (FYM @ 5t/ha + Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + Azotobactor + 75% RDF), T8 (FYM @ 5t/ha + Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + Azotobactor + 100% RDF), T9 (FYM @ 5t/ha + Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + Azotobactor), T10 (FYM @ 10t/ha + Vermicompost 5t/ha + Azotobactor). Significantly higher plant height, dry matter accumulation, branches/plant, pods/plant, were recorded in T8 which were at par with T7 and T10. The highest seed yield (1259.8 kg/ha) was recorded in T8, straw yield (2662.6 kg/ha) and biological yield (3903.6 kg/ha), 100 seed weight was recorded higher in T4. The treatment T8 (FYM @ 5t/ha + Vermicompost 2.5t/ha + Azotobactor + 100% RDF) proved to be the best treatment for enhancing yield and yield attribute of soybean under mid-hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF TRANSPLANTING DATES AND NITROGEN LEVELS ON QUALITY AND SEED YIELD OF TURNIP (Brassica rapa L.) UNDER MID HILL CONDITIONS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018-09-27) Sharma, Sahil; Chandel, K.S.The present investigation was undertaken to study the effect of transplanting dates and nitrogen levels on quality and seed yield of turnip (Brassica rapa L.) under mid hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh. The field experiment with twenty treatment combinations comprising four transplanting dates viz. D1 (20th November, 2016), D2 (5th December, 2016), D3 (20th December, 2016) and D4 (5th January, 2017) and five nitrogen levels (N1-50 kg N/ha, N2-75 kg N/ha, N3-100 kg N/ha, N4-125 kg N/ha and N5-150 kg N/ha) was conducted on turnip cultivar “Purple Top White Globe” in Split Plot Design with three replications at Experimental Farm of Department of Seed Science and Technology, CSK HPKV, Palampur during Rabi, 2016-17. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the treatments for all the traits studied except germination percentage, 1000-seed weight and available nitrogen in soil. The maximum plant height, number of primary and secondary branches per plant and number of pods per plant recorded at 20th November transplanting date. Similarly maximum days to 50 per cent flowering were obtained at 20th November transplanting date. Number of seeds per pod was highest on 20th November transplanting date. Different transplanting dates brought pronounced effect on the weight of pods and seed yield per plant which was recorded maximum at 20th November transplanting date followed by 5th December transplanting date. Maximum seed yield per hectare was recorded at 20th November transplanting date. Per cent nitrogen content as well as nitrogen accumulation in seed were maximum on 20th November transplanting date vis-a-vis per cent seed germination, 1000-seed weight, per cent protein content and protein yield per hectare were maximum on 20th November transplanting date. Characters relating to seed vigour like seedling length, dry weight of seedling and vigour-index were also recorded maximum on 20th November transplanting date. Transplanting dates did not significantly influenced the 1000-seed weight and available nitrogen in soil. The maximum height of the main shoot, number of primary and secondary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length and number of seeds per pod were recorded at 150 kg N/ha. On the other hand, nitrogen application delayed the time taken to reach 50 per cent flowering and maximum days with respect to these characters were recorded at 150 kg N/ha. Nitrogen application did not show significant effect on the germination percentage, however, the trend of improvement in per cent seed germination was observed by nitrogen application vis-a-vis application of nitrogen brought increase in the weight of pods and seed yield per plant and maximum graded seed yield per hectare (8.14 q/ha) was obtained at 150 kg N/ha. Per cent nitrogen content as well as nitrogen accumulation in seed were also maximum at 150 kg N/ha. 1000-seed weight, per cent protein content and protein yield per hectare were maximum at 150 kg N/ha. Maximum values of characters related to seed vigour like seedling length, dry weight of seedling, vigour index-I and vigour index-II were obtained at 150 kg N/ha. D1N5 (20th November transplanting date and 150 kg N/ha) was found to be suitable and promising treatment combination for graded seed yield per plant and per hectare, number of pods per plant, weight of pods per plant, seed protein yield, vigour index and germination percentage. Seed yield per plant exhibited significantly high positive correlation with plant height, number of primary branches, number of pods per plant, pod length, weight of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, per cent protein content, days to 50 per cent flowering and main shoot of the plant. The studies showed that with the transplanting of turnip stecklings on 20th November and an application of 150 kg N/ha (D1N5), maximum return of Rs. 1,92,721.40 per hectare with net return of Rs. 2.74 per rupee investment could be obtained for seed production. Based on the present investigation, turnip seed be sown on the third week of September and stecklings transplanted by 20th November with an application of 150 kg N/ha for obtaining higher seed yield in turnip cultivar “Purple Top White Globe” under mid hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF COATING ON QUALITY OF OKRA [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] SEEDS IN STORAGE(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018-07-23) Parihar, Pratibha; Dhiman, K.C.The present investigation was undertaken to study the effect of seed coating on seed quality of okra during storage by evaluating different seed quality parameters in Seed Technology Laboratory. The experimental material consisted of P-8 variety of okra, seeds of which were stored for 12 months after applying nine different treatments along with untreated control in three replications. The treatments comprised of T0 - untreated control, T1 - polymer (polykote) @ 3 ml/kg of seed diluted in 5 ml of water, T2 - flowable thiram @ 2.4 ml/kg of seed, T3 - polymer + flowable thiram @ 2.4 ml/kg of seed, T4 - vitavax 200 @ 2 g/kg of seed, T5 - polymer + vitavax 200 @ 2 g/kg of seed, T6 - imidacloprid @ 4 ml/kg of seed, T7 - polymer + imidacloprid @ 4 ml/kg of seed, T8 - polymer + flowable thiram @ 2.4 ml/kg of seed + imidacloprid @ 4 ml/kg of seed, T9 - polymer + vitavax 200 @ 2 g/kg of seed + imidacloprid @ 4 ml/kg of seed. The recorded observations were evaluated in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) during December 2016 - December 2017. At the end of stoarge period (12 months), recorded data revealed that, irrespective of seed coating, seed deteriorated and the vigour declined. T5 - polymer + vitavax 200 @ 2 g/kg of seed and T3 - polymer + flowable thiram @ 2.4 ml/kg of seed were found significantly superior for all seed quality parameters viz., germination (%) - (first count and final count), seedling length (cm), seedling dry weight (g), seedling vigour index-I, seedling vigour index-II, electrical conductivity (m mho/cm/g) over T0 - untreated control.
