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Subject: Plant Pathology × End date: 2019 × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemUnknown
    GENE ACTION FOR YIELD AND RELATED TRAITS IN SOYBEAN [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] AND DEVELOPMENT OF INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS INVOLVING WILD SPECIES
    (CSKHPKV Palampur, 2014-12) INDU BALA; Jai Dev
    The present investigation entitled “Gene action for yield and related traits in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] and development of interspecific hybrids involving wild species” was carried out at the Experimental Farm of the Department of Crop Improvement, CSK HPKV, Palampur to gather information on genetic architecture for seed yield and component traits in soybean and to introgress desirable genes from wild species to cultivated ones. The experimental material comprised of 54 triple test cross progenies derived by mating 18 lines with three testers, namely, Hara Soya (L1), Him Soya (L2) and their F1 (L3). This genetic material was evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications during kharif 2013. Epistasis was found to be an integral part of genetic variation for majority of the traits. Epistatic interaction for many traits was ‘j+l’ type except days to 50% flowering, days to 75% maturity, reproductive phase, petiole length, seed per pod, harvest index and 100 seed weight, whereas plant height, internode length, pods per plant and biological yield per plant carried ‘i’ type epistasis alongwith ‘j+l’ type. Additive component (D) was more pronounced than dominance component (H) for most of the traits. Both additive and dominance components were of almost equal magnitude for pod length indicating the importance of both additive and dominance type of gene action, whereas partial degree of dominance was noticed for majority of traits. The kind of genetic variance revealed from triple test cross can be exploited by intermating selected individuals in early segregating generations with delayed selection in later generations, diallel selective mating/ biparental mating or recurrent selection followed by pedigree method to exploit both additive and non-additive components alongwith epistasis. Lines Bragg, Shivalik and P9-2-2 were found to be good general combiners for most of the traits. The cross combinations, Bragg x Hara Soya, PK- 472 x Him Soya, DS-1213 x Hara Soya, H-330 x Hara Soya and H-330 x Him soya showed high per se performance, SCA effects, heterobeltiosis and economic heterosis for seed yield per plant and were rated as potential crosses for further improvement. Cross H-330 x Him Soya showed resistance against brown spot and bacterial pustule diseases. The interspecific hybrids developed involving Glycine max x G. soja, were true to type based on confirmation at the morphological, molecular and cytological level. Sufficient variability was found for all the traits studied in wide hybrids. Seed yield per plant showed significantly positive correlation with reproductive phase, pods per plant, pod length, petiole length, harvest index and 100-seed weight.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Variability, epidemiology and management of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lini.
    (CSK HPKV, Palampur, 2019-06) Narinder Pal; Ashok Kumar
    The investigation entitled “Variability, epidemiology and management of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lini” was conducted at Department of Plant Pathology, CSKHPKV Palampur and Shivalik Agricultural Research and Extension Centre, Kangra during 2015-2018. 35 isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lini were obtained from the diseased samples collected from Kangra and Mandi districts of Himachal Pradesh and other parts of India. Three isolates were categorized as weakly pathogenic, 7 as moderately pathogenic and 25 as highly pathogenic during pathogenicity test. All the isolates showed variability in morphological and cultural characteristics. To identify the wilt resistant sources, 176 linseed genotypes were evaluated under field conditions. Among these 5 genotypes viz., KL-215, KL-261, EC541213, H-18 and TL-50 showed highly resistant,7 genotypes showed resistant and 21 genotypes showed moderately resistant disease reactions. A set of 17 genotypes i.e. TL-9, R-552, H-34, Janaki, Himalini, Polf-24, TL-22, EC-541213, KL-187, POLF-16, EC-541212, H-18, EC-541211, POLF-22, Kangra local, Baner and Chambal was standardized as differential hosts. Pathogenic variability among 35 isolates was determined on differential set and 5 pathotypes were recorded and designated as Pathotype-1 to Pathotype-5. 32 promising genotypes of linseed were evaluated against the 5 pathotypes and 13 genotypes viz., EC-541199, H-18, H-36, Him Alsi-1, Jeevan, Janaki, KL-215, KL-227, KL-265, Nagarkot, Natazo, POLF-19 & Surbhi showed resistant disease reaction against all the 5 pathotypes. Maximum in vitro growth of the Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lini on PDA was observed at 24ºC and pH 5.5 with highest growth rate and sporulation. Lowest wilt incidence was recorded in clay loam soil compared to sandy, sandy clay loam and loam soils. Disease incidence during the crop season 2015-16 and 2016-17 showed positive correlation with minimum temperature and soil temperature at 10 cm and negative correlation with relative humidity at evening time. Delay in date of sowing from 16 October to 26 November resulted decrease in wilt incidence in varieties Chambal and Janaki. Trichoderma viride (Strain Tr-3) & Carbendazim 50 WP were found most effective for mycelial growth inhibition of the Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lini during in vitro studies and Tr-3 (Trichoderma viride) showed highest compatibility with fungicides among three tested bioagents. In pot studies, the highest seedling emergence and lowest linseed wilt incidence was observed with Tr-4 (Trichoderma harzianum) (seed treatment + soil application), Thiram 75WP seed treatment and Thiram 75 WP + Tr-4 (Trichoderma harzianum) (seed treatment + soil application). In field studies, Carbendazim (50%) + Tr-4 (T. harzianum) (seed treatment + soil application) showed highest disease reduction and yield increase over control.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    VARIABILITY, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lini.
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-06) Pal, Narinder; Ashok Kumar
    The investigation entitled “Variability, epidemiology and management of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lini” was conducted at Department of Plant Pathology, CSKHPKV Palampur and Shivalik Agricultural Research and Extension Centre, Kangra during 2015-2018. 35 isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lini were obtained from the diseased samples collected from Kangra and Mandi districts of Himachal Pradesh and other parts of India. Three isolates were categorized as weakly pathogenic, 7 as moderately pathogenic and 25 as highly pathogenic during pathogenicity test. All the isolates showed variability in morphological and cultural characteristics. To identify the wilt resistant sources, 176 linseed genotypes were evaluated under field conditions. Among these 5 genotypes viz., KL-215, KL-261, EC541213, H-18 and TL-50 showed highly resistant,7 genotypes showed resistant and 21 genotypes showed moderately resistant disease reactions. A set of 17 genotypes i.e. TL-9, R-552, H-34, Janaki, Himalini, Polf-24, TL-22, EC-541213, KL-187, POLF-16, EC-541212, H-18, EC-541211, POLF-22, Kangra local, Baner and Chambal was standardized as differential hosts. Pathogenic variability among 35 isolates was determined on differential set and 5 pathotypes were recorded and designated as Pathotype-1 to Pathotype-5. 32 promising genotypes of linseed were evaluated against the 5 pathotypes and 13 genotypes viz., EC-541199, H-18, H-36, Him Alsi-1, Jeevan, Janaki, KL-215, KL-227, KL-265, Nagarkot, Natazo, POLF-19 & Surbhi showed resistant disease reaction against all the 5 pathotypes. Maximum in vitro growth of the Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lini on PDA was observed at 24ºC and pH 5.5 with highest growth rate and sporulation. Lowest wilt incidence was recorded in clay loam soil compared to sandy, sandy clay loam and loam soils. Disease incidence during the crop season 2015-16 and 2016-17 showed positive correlation with minimum temperature and soil temperature at 10 cm and negative correlation with relative humidity at evening time. Delay in date of sowing from 16 October to 26 November resulted decrease in wilt incidence in varieties Chambal and Janaki. Trichoderma viride (Strain Tr-3) & Carbendazim 50 WP were found most effective for mycelial growth inhibition of the Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lini during in vitro studies and Tr-3 (Trichoderma viride) showed highest compatibility with fungicides among three tested bioagents. In pot studies, the highest seedling emergence and lowest linseed wilt incidence was observed with Tr-4 (Trichoderma harzianum) (seed treatment + soil application), Thiram 75WP seed treatment and Thiram 75 WP + Tr-4 (Trichoderma harzianum) (seed treatment + soil application). In field studies, Carbendazim (50%) + Tr-4 (T. harzianum) (seed treatment + soil application) showed highest disease reduction and yield increase over control.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON GENE ACTION FOR SEED YIELD AND ITS RELATED TRAITS IN URDBEAN [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018-09-18) Patial, Ranjana; Mittal, R.K.
    The present investigation entitled “Studies on gene action for seed yield and its related traits in urdbean [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]” was carried out at the Experimental Farm of the Department of Crop Improvement, CSK HPKV, Palampur to gather information on genetic architecture for seed yield and component traits in urdbean. The experimental material comprised of 81 triple test cross progenies developed by mating 27 lines with three testers viz., HPBU-111 (L1), Him Mash-1(L2) and F1 of HPBU-111and Him Mash-1 (L3). These F1’s along with their parents were raised in randomized block design with three replications during Kharif 2017. Data were recorded and analysed for 12 agro-morphological traits. Sufficient variability was observed in the TTC progenies for all the traits studied. Epistasis was found to be an integral part of genetic variation for all of the traits under study. ‘i’ type epistatic interaction estimates were significant for days to 50% flowering, days to 75% maturity, branches per plant, pods per plant, seed yield per plant, biological yield per plant, harvest index and 100 seed weight. Whereas, ‘j+l’ type interaction was significant for all the traits. Both additive and dominant components were significant for all the traits; where additive and dominance components were of almost equal magnitude for pod length, seeds per pod and 100 seed weight indicating the importance of both additive and dominance type of gene action and additive component being more pronounced for rest of the traits indicating the relative importance of fixable type of gene action in their inheritance. Combining ability estimates showed significant genetic variance in lines for all traits whereas testers had significant genetic variance for nine traits. Lines IC-436910, IC-413306, IC-IC-398973 and IC-343885 were found to be good general combiners for most of the traits. Crosses IC-343885 x HPBU-111 (G x G), IC-436910 x HPBU-111 (G x G), IC-413306 x Him Mash-1 (G x P) and IC-343943 x HPBU-111(P x G) were potential crosses on the basis of SCA estimates, mid parent heterosis, better parent heterosis and standard heterosis for seed yield and most of the traits. With regards to the Comparison of ТГС and L x T, the former is advantageous in providing an unambiguous test for the presence of epistasis, while the latter provides additional information, particularly with regard to the gca and sca effects and variances, helping breeders in the choice of better parents. Hence, both these designs should be applied together in order to have concrete information about the genetic architecture of economic traits in any crop.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CHARACTERIZATION OF PEPPER MILD MOTTLE VIRUS STRAINS AND EVALUATION OF RESISTANCE IN CAPSICUM
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018-06) Nidhi Kumari; Sharma, P.N.
    Capsicum (Capsicum annuum L. var.grossum Sendt) is an important spice and vegetable crop being cultivated worldwide. More than 20 viruses are known to infect Capsicum spp. across the world and Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), a member of Virgaviridae family and Tobamovirus genus is emerging as a great threat to the capsicum cultivation both in protected and open conditions in Himachal Pradesh (H.P.). The present study on PMMoV was undertaken to identify the pathotype of PMMoV prevalent in H.P., production of polyclonal antiserum against PMMoV-CP expressed in E. coli, evaluation of resistance against PMMoV in capsicum and identification of attenuated/mild strain if any. Surveys conducted to assess the prevalence of mild mottle disease showed wide occurrence of the disease and out of 97 samples collected during surveys, 54 showed the presence of PMMoV in DAS-ELISA with maximum percentage of positive samples from district Kullu (88.89%) followed by Mandi (78.57%) district. The presence of PMMoV was confirmed through RT-PCR using coat protein (CP) specific primers where positive samples yielded amplification of ~743 bp. Isolates were selected for varaiblity assays on differential varieties of capsicum and CP gene sequence analysis. All the isolates produced symptoms like mosaic, color variations, leaf cupping, vein banding on susceptible cultivar California Wonder. Based on the pathogenic reaction on differential varieties and amino acid sequence of CP gene, all the test isolates were grouped and identified as pathotype P12 which can overcome L+, L1 and L2 resistance alleles. For production of polyclonal antiserum, the PMMoV-CP was over-expressed in E. coli using IPTG at 1mM final concentration with overnight incubation in shaking incubator at 16oC which resulted in induction of target recombinant protein with molecular weight ~26kDa. The antiserum generated through out sourcing, evaluated for its sensitivity and specificity through Western blot and DAC-ELISA. In Western blot assay, the test antiserum reacted strongly both with PMMoV-CP in purified protein and native CP in crude sap from PMMoV infected pepper plants, whereas no reaction was observed with healthy plant sap. In DAC-ELISA antiserum dilution up to 1:1000 was capable of differentiating the PMMoV infected sample from healthy samples. The antiserum did not react with other capsicum viruses viz., Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Pepper veinal mottle virus (PVMoV), Potato virus Y (PVY) and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) antigen. Only two exotic capsicum accessions PI-159236 and PI-260429 were found resistant to PMMoV. None of the isolates showed the characteristics of attenuated/mild strain as all the isolates produced prominent symptoms on susceptible cv- California Wonder.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of disease resistance in capsicum peppers
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 1990) Thakur, Bhag Ram; Singh, B.M.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemUnknown
    Management of bacterial wilt of tomato caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 1998) Ambardar, Virender Kumar; Sood, A.K.