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2010 - 20112
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Subject: Plant Breeding and Genetics × End date: 2011 × Start date: 2010 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Imperata cylindrica - MEDIATED INDUCTION OF HAPLOIDS IN VARIOUS CEREALS AND ENHANCEMENT OF THE SYSTEM IN WHEAT THROUGH COLCHICINE MANIPULATIONS
    (CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishavavidyalaya, Palampur, 2010) TAYENG, TISU; Chaudhary, H K
    The research endeavour entitled ―Imperata cylindrica- mediated induction of haploids in various cereals and enhancement of the system in wheat through colchicine manipulations‖ was executed in the Department of Crop Improvement, CSK HPKV, Palampur during the years 2007- 08 to 2009- 10 with the mission to induce haploids in wheat and other cereals using Imperata cylindrica as a pollen source and efficiency enhancement of the chromosome elimination-mediated system of doubled haploidy breeding in wheat through various colchicine manipulations at in vivo and in vitro level. For the execution of wide hybridization, five cereals viz., wheat, rice, maize, barley and oat involving various promising lines/ genotypes were utilized and for colchicine manipulation experiments at in vitro and in vivo level, various formulation and combination of time, duration and colchicine were formulated and executed in DH 100 x DH 40 derived F1 hybrid of bread wheat. The results obtained in the present investigation in respect of wide hybridization of different cereals with I. cylindrica showed that I. cylindrica was an efficient and effective pollen source for haploid induction in bread wheat and durum wheat. Pseudo seeds and embryo like structures were recovered in barley and rice upon hybridization with I. cylindrica. However, green plants could not be regenerated in both the cases. Maize and oat didn‘t respond well but there can be a ray of hope for the induction of haploids in these cereals also if more refinement and manipulation is done in hybridization techniques and culture protocols. In the in vivo colchicine manipulation experiment, colchicine concentration ranging from 2000 ppm to 10,000 ppm at 48, 72 and 96 hours after pollination have yielded response to chromosome doubling. Application of injection of single dose of 2000 ppm colchicine concentration at 48 hours of pollination has given most stable results in doubling the chromosome number. Hence, it can be recommended as the best dose for achieving fruitful results and save time and energy spent on this exercise through earlier techniques. In the in vitro colchicine manipulation experiment, the colchicine concentration ranging from 300 ppm to 3000 ppm of 48, 72 and 96 hours of treatment induced doubling of the chromosomes. The outcome of the present endeavour can open new vistas for enhancing the efficiency of DH breeding in wheat and other cereals with enhanced precision and efficiency.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC ANALYSIS FOR SEED YIELD AND OTHER TRAITS WITH MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE IN FLAX, Linum usitatissimum L.
    (CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishavavidyalaya, Palampur, 2011) KIRAN; Sood, V.K.
    The choice of an efficient breeding methodology depends to a large extent on the knowledge of the genetic systems controlling the character to be selected .The objectives of this study were to determine nature of gene action for seed yield, fibre and quality traits,to study the inheritance of diseases and to identify markers linked to the disease(s) in flax. The research was carried out in the Department of Crop Improvement, CSK HPKV, Palampur and Research Stations Kangra and Kukumseri during the years 2007- 08 to 2010- 11 using generation means analysis derived from crosses of TL-11 x Him Alsi-2, Turkey x Binwa and TL-43 x Binwa to transfer disease resistance and quality traits from exotic varieties to the released varieties. Molecular studies were carried out through RAPD to identify molecular markers linked to the wilt resistance. The results obtained in the present investigation with respect to generation mean analysis suggested that both additive and dominance effects were important for most of the traits but dominance was predominant as compared to additive effects. Duplicate type of gene action was observed in the expression of days to 50 per cent flowering ,seed yield/plant, plant height, technical height and fibre traits at Kangra location for TL-11 x Him Alsi-2, these observation implies the use of biparental approach and selection to be delayed to later generation. Complimentary type of gene action was seen for biological yield/plant, seed yield/plant for TL-11 x Him Alsi-2 at Palampur location and implies the use of biparental approach and early generation selection to be followed. Crosses with significant heterosis also showed significant inbreeding depression in F2. A monogenic type of gene action was recorded for the resistance to linseed rust (Melampsora lini) and wilt (Fusarium oxysporium).High fatty acid was found in all the three cross combinations. Studies carried by RAPD for marker identification suggested that the primers were not sufficient for distinguishing bands among the bulks. Hence more number of primers is suggested for this study in future breeding programms. The outcome of the present endeavour suggests the different breeding strategy for crosswise as well as location wise because gene action was different in two locations i.e Palampur and Kangra and three crosses viz., TL-11 x Him Alsi-2,Turkey x Binwa and TL-43 x Binwa. TL-11 x Him Alsi-2 was the best cross because of high yield, quality and disease resistance among the three crosses studied and thus could be utilized in future breeding programme.